The Representation of Facts about Old Russian Charters on the Semantic Web: Attempto Controlled English (ACE)

This paper discusses some promising approaches to the representation of meta-information (facts) about medieval Russian charters on the Semantic Web in order to provide researchers with appropriate tools for the capture, aggregation, and semantic linkage of facts related to the charters and automatic logical inference. The authors demonstrate the actual and potential possibilities of a controlled natural language, ACE (Attempto Controlled English), in the representation of the meta-information about Old Russian charters. Recent research conducted by the authors confirms that the prospects for using ACE as a tool for representation of the facts about the charters on the Semantic Web are closely connected with the possibilities to make logic inferences based on ACE texts. Therefore, special attention is devoted to ACE tools, especially to Ace Rules and ACE Reasoner (RACE).В статье обсуждается новый подход к представлению метаинформации (фактов) о древнерусских грамотах в Semantic Web, предлагающий исследователям удобные средства для выделения, агрегации, семантического связывания относящихся к грамотам фактов, а также для формирования автоматического логического вывода. Авторы демонстрируют актуальные и потенциальные возможности управляемого естественного языка ACE (Attempto Controlled English) при представлении метаинформации о древнерусских грамотах. Последние проведенные авторами исследования подтверждают, что преимущества использования ACE как средства представления фактов о грамотах в Semantic Web тесно связаны с возможностями формирования логического вывода на основе текстов на языке ACE. Как следствие, специальное внимание в статье уделено средствам формирования логического вывода в проекте ACE, в частности — модулям ACE Reasoner (RACE) и Ace Rules. Senųjų rusų dokumentų duomenų pateikimas semantiniame tinkle: Attempto Controlled English (ACE) Santrauka. Straipsnyje aptariamas naujas rusų istorinių dokumentų metaduomenų pateikimo būdas semantiniame tinkle (Semantic Web). Šis sprendimas leidžia tyrėjams naudoti patogius įrankius dokumentuose minimiems faktams išskirti, jų agregacijai, semantinėms sąsajoms kurti, taip pat sistema leidžia formuoti automatines logines išvadas. Autoriai apibūdina aktualias ir potencialias valdomos natūralios kalbos ACE (Attempto Controlled English) galimybes — šia kalba yra pateikiami dokumentų metaduomenys. Naujausi autorių atlikti tyrimai patvirtina, kad ACE, kaip istorinių dokumentų metaduomenų pateikimo įrankio, naudojimo pranašumai glaudžiai susiję su galimybe automatiškai formuoti logines išvadas ACE kalba. Dėl to ypatingas dėmesys straipsnyje yra skiriamas loginės išvados formavimo įrankiams, pvz., moduliams ACE Reasoner (RACE) ir Ace Rules. Reikšminiai žodžiai: istorinis dokumentas, metaduomenys, semantinis tinklas, Attempto Controlled English (ACE)

Clinical practice knowledge acquisition and interrogation using natural language: aquisição e interrogação de conhecimento de prática clínica usando linguagem natural

Os conceitos científicos, metodologias e ferramentas no sub-dominio da Representação de Conhecimento da área da Inteligência Artificial Aplicada têm sofrido avanços muito significativos nos anos recentes. A utilização de Ontologias como conceptualizações de domínios é agora suficientemente poderosa para aspirar ao raciocínio computacional sobre realidades complexas. Uma das tarefas científica e tecnicamente mais desafiante é prestação de cuidados pelos profissionais de saúde na especialidade cardiovascular. Um domínio de tal forma complexo pode beneficiar largamente da possibilidade de ajudas ao raciocínio clínico que estão neste momento a beira de ficarem disponíveis. Investigamos no sentido de desenvolver uma infraestrutura sólida e completa para a representação de conhecimento na prática clínica bem como os processes associados para adquirir o conhecimento a partir de textos clínicos e raciocinar automaticamente sobre esse conhecimento; ABSTRACT: The scientific concepts, methodologies and tools in the Knowledge Representation (KR) subdomain of applied Artificial Intelligence (AI) came a long way with enormous strides in recent years. The usage of domain conceptualizations that are Ontologies is now powerful enough to aim at computable reasoning over complex realities. One of the most challenging scientific and technical human endeavors is the daily Clinical Practice (CP) of Cardiovascular (C V) specialty healthcare providers. Such a complex domain can benefit largely from the possibility of clinical reasoning aids that are now at the edge of being available. We research into al complete end-to-end solid ontological infrastructure for CP knowledge representation as well as the associated processes to automatically acquire knowledge from clinical texts and reason over it

Aquisição e Interrogação de Conhecimento de Prática Clínica usando Linguagem Natural

The scientific concepts, methodologies and tools in the Knowledge Representation (KR) sub- domain of applied Artificial Intelligence (AI) came a long way with enormous strides in recent years. The usage of domain conceptualizations that are Ontologies is now powerful enough to aim at computable reasoning over complex realities. One of the most challenging scientific and technical human endeavors is the daily Clinical Prac- tice (CP) of Cardiovascular (CV) specialty healthcare providers. Such a complex domain can benefit largely from the possibility of clinical reasoning aids that are now at the edge of being available. We research into a complete end-to-end solid ontological infrastructure for CP knowledge represen- tation as well as the associated processes to automatically acquire knowledge from clinical texts and reason over it

Micropublications: a Semantic Model for Claims, Evidence, Arguments and Annotations in Biomedical Communications

The Micropublications semantic model for scientific claims, evidence, argumentation and annotation in biomedical publications, is a metadata model of scientific argumentation, designed to support several key requirements for exchange and value-addition of semantic metadata across the biomedical publications ecosystem. Micropublications allow formalizing the argument structure of scientific publications so that (a) their internal structure is semantically clear and computable; (b) citation networks can be easily constructed across large corpora; (c) statements can be formalized in multiple useful abstraction models; (d) statements in one work may cite statements in another, individually; (e) support, similarity and challenge of assertions can be modelled across corpora; (f) scientific assertions, particularly in review articles, may be transitively closed to supporting evidence and methods. The model supports natural language statements; data; methods and materials specifications; discussion and commentary; as well as challenge and disagreement. A detailed analysis of nine use cases is provided, along with an implementation in OWL 2 and SWRL, with several example instantiations in RDF.Comment: Version 4. Minor revision

Improving Knowledge Acquisition in Collaborative Knowledge Construction Tool with Virtual Catalyst

Noctua is a web tool to assist in Knowledge Acquisition and Collaborative Knowledge Construction processes. Noctua has an innovation: a Virtual Catalyst designed to facilitate the task of eliciting and validating knowledge. The Virtual Catalyst queries participants, proposing new knowledge, seeking confirmation to the knowledge already elicited, and showing conflicting opinions. The Virtual Catalyst takes into account participants' profiles in order to automatically ask them questions related to each one's field of knowledge or interest. This paper presents Noctua and its Virtual Catalyst. The tool was submitted to experimentation and the analysis of the results showed that the primary goal of increasing the rate of knowledge construction was achieved (up to 144 % in the rate of knowledge creation), and also showed some unexpected beneficial outcomes

Survey over Existing Query and Transformation Languages

A widely acknowledged obstacle for realizing the vision of the Semantic Web is the inability of many current Semantic Web approaches to cope with data available in such diverging representation formalisms as XML, RDF, or Topic Maps. A common query language is the first step to allow transparent access to data in any of these formats. To further the understanding of the requirements and approaches proposed for query languages in the conventional as well as the Semantic Web, this report surveys a large number of query languages for accessing XML, RDF, or Topic Maps. This is the first systematic survey to consider query languages from all these areas. From the detailed survey of these query languages, a common classification scheme is derived that is useful for understanding and differentiating languages within and among all three areas

Graph Data-Models and Semantic Web Technologies in Scholarly Digital Editing

This volume is based on the selected papers presented at the Workshop on Scholarly Digital Editions, Graph Data-Models and Semantic Web Technologies, held at the Uni- versity of Lausanne in June 2019. The Workshop was organized by Elena Spadini (University of Lausanne) and Francesca Tomasi (University of Bologna), and spon- sored by the Swiss National Science Foundation through a Scientific Exchange grant, and by the Centre de recherche sur les lettres romandes of the University of Lausanne. The Workshop comprised two full days of vibrant discussions among the invited speakers, the authors of the selected papers, and other participants.1 The acceptance rate following the open call for papers was around 60%. All authors – both selected and invited speakers – were asked to provide a short paper two months before the Workshop. The authors were then paired up, and each pair exchanged papers. Paired authors prepared questions for one another, which were to be addressed during the talks at the Workshop; in this way, conversations started well before the Workshop itself. After the Workshop, the papers underwent a second round of peer-review before inclusion in this volume. This time, the relevance of the papers was not under discus- sion, but reviewers were asked to appraise specific aspects of each contribution, such as its originality or level of innovation, its methodological accuracy and knowledge of the literature, as well as more formal parameters such as completeness, clarity, and coherence. The bibliography of all of the papers is collected in the public Zotero group library GraphSDE20192, which has been used to generate the reference list for each contribution in this volume. The invited speakers came from a wide range of backgrounds (academic, commer- cial, and research institutions) and represented the different actors involved in the remediation of our cultural heritage in the form of graphs and/or in a semantic web en- vironment. Georg Vogeler (University of Graz) and Ronald Haentjens Dekker (Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, Humanities Cluster) brought the Digital Humanities research perspective; the work of Hans Cools and Roberta Laura Padlina (University of Basel, National Infrastructure for Editions), as well as of Tobias Schweizer and Sepi- deh Alassi (University of Basel, Digital Humanities Lab), focused on infrastructural challenges and the development of conceptual and software frameworks to support re- searchers’ needs; Michele Pasin’s contribution (Digital Science, Springer Nature) was informed by his experiences in both academic research, and in commercial technology companies that provide services for the scientific community. The Workshop featured not only the papers of the selected authors and of the invited speakers, but also moments of discussion between interested participants. In addition to the common Q&A time, during the second day one entire session was allocated to working groups delving into topics that had emerged during the Workshop. Four working groups were created, with four to seven participants each, and each group presented a short report at the end of the session. Four themes were discussed: enhancing TEI from documents to data; ontologies for the Humanities; tools and infrastructures; and textual criticism. All of these themes are represented in this volume. The Workshop would not have been of such high quality without the support of the members of its scientific committee: Gioele Barabucci, Fabio Ciotti, Claire Clivaz, Marion Rivoal, Greta Franzini, Simon Gabay, Daniel Maggetti, Frederike Neuber, Elena Pierazzo, Davide Picca, Michael Piotrowski, Matteo Romanello, Maïeul Rouquette, Elena Spadini, Francesca Tomasi, Aris Xanthos – and, of course, the support of all the colleagues and administrative staff in Lausanne, who helped the Workshop to become a reality. The final versions of these papers underwent a single-blind peer review process. We want to thank the reviewers: Helena Bermudez Sabel, Arianna Ciula, Marilena Daquino, Richard Hadden, Daniel Jeller, Tiziana Mancinelli, Davide Picca, Michael Piotrowski, Patrick Sahle, Raffaele Viglianti, Joris van Zundert, and others who preferred not to be named personally. Your input enhanced the quality of the volume significantly! It is sad news that Hans Cools passed away during the production of the volume. We are proud to document a recent state of his work and will miss him and his ability to implement the vision of a digital scholarly edition based on graph data-models and semantic web technologies. The production of the volume would not have been possible without the thorough copy-editing and proof reading by Lucy Emmerson and the support of the IDE team, in particular Bernhard Assmann, the TeX-master himself. This volume is sponsored by the University of Bologna and by the University of Lausanne. Bologna, Lausanne, Graz, July 2021 Francesca Tomasi, Elena Spadini, Georg Vogele

Accommodating Complex Chained Prepositional Phrases in Natural Language Query Interface to an Event-Based Triplestore

Building Natural language query interfaces (NLI) to databases is one the most interesting and challenging fields of study for computer scientists and researchers. There have been many advancements and achievements in this area that enables NLIs to operate more efficiently and have wide NL coverage. However, there exists some shortcomings in query interface to semantic web triplestores. Some researchers have attempted to extend the range of queries that can be answered. However, only a few techniques can handle queries containing complex chained prepositional phrases. This thesis involves extending an existing method that can accommodate prepositional phrases to also be able to handle when..., where..., and with what... type queries. The approach developed is implemented in the Miranda programing environment