What to Read: A Biased Guide to AI Literacy for the Beginner

Acknowledgements. It was Ken Forbus' idea, and he, Howie Shrobe, Dan Weld, and John Batali read various drafts. Dan Huttenlocher and Tom Knight helped with the speech recognition section. The science fiction section was prepared with the aid of my SF/AI editorial board, consisting of Carl Feynman and David Wallace, and of the ArpaNet SF-Lovers community. Even so, all responsibility rests with me.This note tries to provide a quick guide to AI literacy for the beginning AI hacker and for the experienced AI hacker or two whose scholarship isn't what it should be. most will recognize it as the same old list of classic papers, give or take a few that I feel to be under- or over-rated. It is not guaranteed to be thorough or balanced or anything like that.MIT Artificial Intelligence Laborator

Schemata

No abstract available

Preface to Computational Humor 2012

Like its predecessors in 1996 (University of Twente, the Netherlands) and 2002 (ITC-irst, Trento, Italy), this Third International Workshop on Computational Humor (IWCH 2012) focusses on the possibility to find algorithms that allow understanding and generation of humor. There is the general aim of modeling humor, and if we can do that, it will provide us with lots of information about our cognitive abilities in general, such as reasoning, remembering, understanding situations, and understanding conversational partners. But it also provides us with information about being creative, making associations, storytelling and language use. Many more subtleties in face-to-face and multiparty interaction can be added, such as using humor to persuade and dominate, to soften or avoid a face threatening act, to ease a tense situation or to establish a friendly or romantic relationship. One issue to consider is: when is a humorous act appropriate

Pets that learn

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-43).by William H. Coderre.M.S.V.S

Examining the Society of Mind

This article examines Marvin Minsky's Society of Mind theory of human cognition. We describe some of the history behind the theory, review several of the specific mechanisms and representations that Minsky proposes, and consider related developments in artificial intelligence since the theory's publication

Learning 101: The untaught basics

Despite the accessibility of a wealth of information in the current era-books, universities, and online massive open online courses (MOOCs)-well-intentioned and hard-working students often fail to learn effectively due to deficient learning techniques or improper mind-sets. Two things, in particular, hinder students from achieving their potential. First, the students' intuition regarding how learning works is often flawed and counterproductive; second, despite significant progress in the research discipline of "learning sciences," these hard-earned scientific insights have not yet filtered their way through the research community to the students who stand to benefit most from this knowledge

Some Questions Inspired by (Membrane Computing Motivated) Language-Theoretic Models

This contribution argues for the proposition that formal models based on the theory of formal grammars and languages are adequate for the study of some computationally relevant properties of agents and multi-agent systems. Some questions are formulated concerning the possibilities to enlarge the universality and realism of such models by considering the possibilities to go with their computing abilities beyond the traditional Turing-computability, and by considering very natural properties of any real (multi-)agent system such as the partially predictable functioning (behavior) of agents, their unreliability, dysfunctions, etc

The secret is to follow your nose: route path selection and angularity

This paper presents the results of an experiment in which route-choice decisions made bysubjects at road-junctions are recorded. It will then demonstrate that a route can be expressedas the sum of the individual decisions made or as the sum of all possible decisions available(i.e. potential choices) during a journey. The relationship between these two values will becompared statistically indicating that the decisions made at road-junctions correlate morestrongly with maximum angles of incidence of road-center-lines leading from a junctionthan to mean or minimum angles. One interpretation of this phenomenon is that subjectsappear to be attempting to conserve linearity throughout their journey. Since any theorybased upon the conservation of angular linearity appears to be refuted by certain, informalobservations of subjects traversing urban grids, the first theory put forward in this paper isthen modified to account for this particular case. The final hypothesis presented in this paperis based upon acts of rule-based decision-making combining principles of the conservationof linearity whilst minimising the angular difference between bearings. The two key bearingsare those of the direction of potential route choices compared to the perceived bearings ofthe wayfinding goal as judged from sequential instances of the observer's location. Thistheory of modified angular conservation is called 'The British Library Theory'.In (Conroy, 2001) it was demonstrated that the most popular routes from a sample(as calculated using string-matching techniques) also appeared to be more 'linear'. This observationreproduces similar findings made in (Golledge, 1995). The question that these observationsprompt is what route choices are individuals making at road junctions such that theiractions result in this apparent conservation of route linearity? Therefore, in this paper amethod is proposed for the determination of route choice decisions made at consecutiveroad junctions over the duration of a single journey. This method employs a measure ofangular deviation (from a straight line or direction) and uses this to develop a cumulativemeasure for an individual's entire journey, based upon the summation of all choices made atevery junction encountered along the route.The hypothesis that this method was developed to test is that an individual subjectwill follow as straight a route as possible with minimal angular deviation (from a straightline) on condition that this choice always approximates the direction of their final destination.Another way of stating this hypothesis is that essentially people 'follow their noses'whilst navigating through an environment

Frame, Preference, and Memory in Literary History Narration

In his article Frame, Preference, and Memory in Literary History Narration Guoqiang Qiao analyzes the frame, preference and memory in literary historiography from a narratological and cognitive perspectives. He maintains that literary history is of multileveled narration that includes not only the perceptualized literary events, literary figures, and literary works, but also the conceptualized spirit of the time, national culture, and personal and collective memories. Qiao employs the basic concepts of frame, preference, and memory to suggest a cognitive approach to the narration of literary history. To illustrate the complex construction of literary historiography, he provides examples from Chinese literary history