A graph-based mathematical morphology reader

This survey paper aims at providing a "literary" anthology of mathematical morphology on graphs. It describes in the English language many ideas stemming from a large number of different papers, hence providing a unified view of an active and diverse field of research

MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR WATER QUALITY COSTS TO ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS OF APPLYING MANURE NUTRIENTS TO LAND

Nutrients from livestock and poultry manure are key sources of water pollution. Ever-growing numbers of animals per farm and per acre have increased the risk of water pollution. New Clean Water Act regulations compel the largest confined animal producers to meet nutrient application standards when applying manure to the land, and USDA encourages all animal feeding operations to do the same. The additional costs for managing manure (such as hauling manure off the farm) have implications for feedgrain producers and consumers as well. This report's farm-level analysis examines on-farm technical choice and producer costs across major U.S. production areas for hauling manure to the minimum amount of land needed to assimilate manure nutrients. A regional analysis then focuses on off-farm competition for land to spread surplus manure, using the Chesapeake Bay region as a case study. Finally, a sectorwide analysis addresses potential long-term structural adjustments at the national level and ultimate costs to consumers and producers.manure management costs, price and quantity adjustments, water quality, animal waste, manure nutrients, excess nutrients, confined animals, CAFO, manure nitrogen, manure phosphorus, manure use, assimilative capacity, nutrient management plan, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Gaining Depth: State of Watershed Investment 2014

Last year, governments, businesses, and donors channeled $12.3 billion (B) toward nature-based solutions to the global water crisis. Water users and public funders were paying land managers to repair and protect forests, wetlands, and other natural systems as a flexible, costeffective strategy to ensure clean and reliable water supplies, resilience to natural disasters, and sustainable livelihoods. These deals paid for watershed protection and restoration across more than 365 million (M) hectares (ha) worldwide in 2013, an area larger than India.The value of investment in watershed services1 (IWS) - referring to funding for watershed restoration or protection that delivers benefits to society like aquifer recharge or erosion control - has been growing at anaverage rate of 12% per year. The number of operational programs grew by two thirds between 2011 and 2013, expanding in both scale and sophistication as program developers introduced new tools to track returns on watershed investment, coordinated efforts across political boundaries, and delivered additional benefits like sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity protection

Public policy and water regulation : some examples from the Americas

Water supply and sanitation are essential for socioeconomic and environmental sustainability.  The adequate provision of these services is full of complexities and involves a great many challenges. Growing population and economic activities, plus soaring energy generation, environmental concerns, and climate change will exert great pressures on water security. It is not surprising that water has climbed to the top of the political agenda. The requirement of appropriate public policies to deal with these challenges is self-evident. Sound water regulation is a major component of this design. The unfolding of water regulation, however, reveals a wide and complex kaleidoscope of affairs, which involve different actors, dimensions and spatial scales. Surface and groundwater provides another set of challenges in discussing water regulation. More particularly, transboundary waters – within and between countries – impose, in addition to technical challenges, the need for diplomatic skills in the handling of their issues and the proposal of solutions. This issue of Network Industries Quarterly (NIQ) is linked to the Public Policy and Water Regulation International Forum, which was organized by Tecnologico de Monterrey, the Water Center for Latin America and the Caribbean, and Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma – Heineken México in May 2017. The Forum had an academic framework plus perspectives from practitioners working in the field of water regulation in Latin America. Other selected contributors were invited to complete this issue with its focus on the Americas. The papers on Canada and Texas are a reflection of this inclusion. The following are the themes included in this issue of NIQ: • Science, policy and management of groundwater in Canada; •Groundwater regulation in Texas; •Regulation of water and sanitation services in Latin America; •Incorporation of natural infrastructure in water management in Latin America; •The water guarantee fee in Mexico.-- Editorial introduction, Ismael Aguilar-Barajas -- Science, policy and management of groundwater in Canada, Alfonso Rivera -- Groundwater regulation in Texas, Mary Hilderbrand -- Regulation of water and sanitation services in Latin America, Óscar Pintos -- Incorporation of natural infrastructure in water management in Latin America, Hugo Contreras -- The water guarantee fee in Mexico, Luis Joaquin Cháve

Transport in the Trans-Pennine Corridor: Present Conditions and Future Options. Interregional Study Working Paper 3.

This paper reports on a desk study carried out by the Institute for Transport Studies as part of a wider study of opportunities for inter-regional working in the trans-Pennine corridor, considering economic, environmental and transport issues. It draws together available information on transport and movement flows in the trans-Pennine corridor. These patterns of movement are examined from a broad perspective which considers intra-regional, inter- regional and international movements within and across the study area. The report proposes a regional package approach to transport, based on demand management and modal transfer

Hydraulic Fracturing & Water Stress: Water Demand by the Numbers

This research paper analyzes escalating water demand in hydraulic fracturing operations across the United States and western Canada. It evaluates oil and gas company water use in eight regions with intense shale energy development and the most pronounced water stress challenges. The report also provides recommendations to investors, lenders and shale energy companies for mitigating their exposure to water sourcing risks, including improvement of on-the-ground practices. The research is based on well data available at FracFocus.org and water stress indicator maps developed by the World Resources Institute, where water stress denotes the level of competition for water in a given region