8 research outputs found
Subcarrier and Power Allocation in WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is one of the latest technologies for providing Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) in a metropolitan area. The use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions has been proposed in WiMAX to mitigate the complications which are associated with frequency selective channels. In addition, the multiple access is achieved by using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme which has several advantages such as flexible resource allocation, relatively simple transceivers, and high spectrum efficient. In OFDMA the controllable resources are the subcarriers and the allocated power per subband. Moreover, adaptive subcarrier and power allocation techniques have been selected to exploit the natural multiuser diversity. This leads to an improvement of the performance by assigning the proper subcarriers to the user according to their channel quality and the power is allocated based on water-filling algorithm. One simple method is to allocate subcarriers and powers equally likely between all users. It is well known that this method reduces the spectral efficiency of the system, hence, it is not preferred unless in some applications.
In order to handle the spectral efficiency problem, in this thesis we discuss three novel resources allocation algorithms for the downlink of a multiuser OFDM system and analyze the algorithm performances based on capacity and fairness measurement. Our intensive simulations validate the algorithm performances.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format
Policy-Based Radio Resource Management in Multicast OFDMA Systems
Η ασύρματηφασματική αποδοτικότητα είναι ένας, όλο και περισσότερο, σημαντικός
παράγοντας εξαιτίας της ταχείας ανάπτυξης των ασύρματων υπηρεσιών ευρείας
ζώνης. Η σχεδίαση ενός συστήματος με πολλά φέροντα, όπως είναι ένα σύστημα
OFDMA,επιτρέπει στα συστήματα να έχουν υψηλή χωρητικότητα για να ικανοποιήσουν
τις απαιτήσεις των υπηρεσιών ευρείας ζώνης.Αυτή η αυξημένη χωρητικότητα των
συστημάτων μπορεί να βελτιστοποιηθεί περαιτέρω εκμεταλλευόμενοι καλύτερα τα
χαρακτηριστικά των ασύρματων καναλιών. Ηθεμελιώδηςιδέα ενός σχήματος κατανομής
πόρων είναι η αποτελεσματική κατανομή των διαθέσιμων ασύρματων πόρων, όπως
είναι οι υποφορείς και η ισχύς εκπομπής, μεταξύ των χρηστών του συστήματος.
Σχετικά με τα προβλήματα της κατανομής πόρων σε ασύρματα συστήματα
τηλεπικοινωνιών βασισμένα στην τεχνική OFDMA, η περισσότερη έρευνα
επικεντρώνεται στην αναζήτηση πολιτικών ανάθεσης υποφορέων και ισχύος. Οι
διαθέσιμες τεχνικές της βιβλιογραφίας δεν μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν όπως είναι σε
συστήματα πολυεκπομπής. Επιπλέον, οι υπάρχουσες τεχνικές δεν μπορούν να
εφαρμοστούν αμετάβλητες σε πραγματικά συστήματα στα οποία υπάρχει μεγάλος
αριθμός OFDMυποφορέων, καθώς η υπολογιστική πολυπλοκότητα είναι πολύ μεγάλη.
Ο βασικός στόχος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η πρόταση ικανών
μηχανισμών κατανομής των διαθέσιμων υποφορέων σε ασύρματα συστήματα
πολυεκπομπής χρησιμοποιώντας την τεχνολογία OFDMA. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, σχετικά με
τα συστήματα πολυεκπομπής, θεωρούμε ότι τόσο ο σταθμός βάσης όσο και κάθε
χρήστης είναι εφοδιασμένοι με μοναδική κεραία και η μονάδα κατανομής δεν είναι
ο υποφορέας, όπως στα συμβατικά συστήματα OFDMA, αλλά μία ομάδα
γειτονικώνυποφορέων, η οποία ονομάζεται τεμάχιο, με σκοπό τη μείωση της μεγάλης
υπολογιστικής πολυπλοκότητας.
Ένας αποτελεσματικός αλγόριθμος προτείνεται του οποίου ο στόχος είναι η
μεγιστοποίηση του συνολικού ρυθμού μετάδοσης δεδομένων με περιορισμούς στη
συνολική διαθέσιμη ισχύ, στο BERανά τεμάχιο και στους αναλογικούς περιορισμούς
μεταξύ των ρυθμών μετάδοσης δεδομένων των ομάδων χρηστών. Η προσομοίωση και η
ανάλυση της πολυπλοκότητας που παρουσιάζονται, υποστηρίζουν τα πλεονεκτήματα
της κατανομής πόρων σε συστήματα πολυεκπομπήςOFDMA τα οποία βασίζονται σε
κατανομή τεμαχίων και έχουν ως στόχος την εξασφάλιση της αναλογικότητας μεταξύ
των ρυθμών μετάδοσης δεδομένων των ομάδων χρηστών.Wireless spectral efficiency is increasingly important due to the rapid growth
of demand for high data rate wideband wireless services. The design of a
multi-carrier system, such as an OFDMA system, enables high system capacity
suited for these wideband wireless services. This system capacity can be
further optimized with a resource allocation scheme by exploiting the
characteristics of the wireless fading channels. The fundamental idea of a
resource allocation scheme is to efficiently distribute the available wireless
resources, such as the subcarriers and transmission power, among all admitted
users in the system.
Regarding the problems of resource allocation in OFDMA-based wireless
communicationsystems, much of the research effort mainly focuses on finding
efficient power controland subcarrier assignment policies. With systems
employing multicast transmission,the available schemes in literature are not
always applicable. Moreover, the existing approachesare particularly
inaccessible in practical systems in which there are a large numberof OFDM
subcarriers being utilized, as the required computational burden is
prohibitivelyhigh.
The ultimate goal of this Thesis is therefore to propose affordable mechanisms
toflexibly and effectively share out the available resources in multicast
wireless systems deployingOFDMA technology. Specifically, according to
multicast system, it is assumed thatboth the BS and each user are equipped
witha single antenna and the allocation unit is not the subcarrier,as in
conventional OFDMA systems, but a set of contiguoussubcarriers, which is called
chunk, in order to alleviate the heavy computational burden.
An efficient algorithmis proposed whose aim is to maximize the total throughput
subject to constraints on totalavailable power,BER over a chunk, and
proportional data rates constraints among multicast groups. Simulation and
complexity analysis are provided to support thebenefits of chunk-based resource
allocation to multicast OFDMA systems with targeting proportional data rates
among multicast groups
Interference modelling and management for cognitive radio networks
Radio spectrum is becoming increasingly scarce as more and more devices go wireless.
Meanwhile, studies indicate that the assigned spectrum is not fully utilised.
Cognitive radio (CR) technology is envisioned to be a promising solution to address
the imbalance between spectrum scarcity and spectrum underutilisation. It improves
the spectrum utilisation by reusing the unused or underutilised spectrum owned by
incumbent systems (primary systems). With the introduction of CR networks, two
types of interference originating from CR networks are introduced. They are the interference
from CR to primary networks (CR-primary interference) and the interference
among spectrum-sharing CR nodes (CR-CR interference). The interference should be
well controlled and managed in order not to jeopardise the operation of the primary
network and to improve the performance of CR systems. This thesis investigates the
interference in CR networks by modelling and mitigating the CR-primary interference
and analysing the CR-CR interference channels.
Firstly, the CR-primary interference is modelled for multiple CR nodes sharing the
spectrum with the primary system. The probability density functions of CR-primary
interference are derived for CR networks adopting different interference management
schemes. The relationship between CR operating parameters and the resulting CRprimary
interference is investigated. It sheds light on the deployment of CR networks
to better protect the primary system.
Secondly, various interference mitigation techniques that are applicable to CR networks
are reviewed. Two novel precoding schemes for CR multiple-input multipleoutput
(MIMO) systems are proposed to mitigate the CR-primary interference and
maximise the CR throughput. To further reduce the CR-primary interference, we also
approach interference mitigation from a cross-layer perspective by jointly considering
channel allocation in the media access control layer and precoding in the physical
layer of CR MIMO systems.
Finally, we analyse the underlying interference channels among spectrum-sharing CR
users when they interfere with each other. The Pareto rate region for multi-user MIMO
interference systems is characterised. Various rate region convexification schemes are
examined to convexify the rate region. Then, game theory is applied to the interference
system to coordinate the operation of each CR user. Nash bargaining over MIMO
interference systems is characterised as well.
The research presented in this thesis reveals the impact of CR operation on the resulting
CR-primary network, how to mitigate the CR-primary interference and how
to coordinate the spectrum-sharing CR users. It forms the fundamental basis for interference
management in CR systems and consequently gives insights into the design
and deployment of CR networks
OFDMA-based resource allocation for wireless communication systems
Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
Adaptive Techniques for Packet-Oriented Transmissions in Future Multicarrier Wireless Systems
I sistemi wireless dei prossimi anni sono tenuti a fornire trasmissioni caratterizzate da data rate e affidabilità sempre maggiori per sostenere la sempre più crescente richiesta di applicazioni e servizi eterogenei. Inoltre, tali requisiti devono essere soddisfatti nel difficile ambiente di propagazione rappresentato dal canale wireless, e devono far fronte alla scarsità dello spettro radio disponibile. Per tali sistemi, la tecnica di modulazione multiportante nota come orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) è emersa come tecnologia chiave a livello fisico grazie alla sua elevata efficienza spettrale, struttura di ricetrasmissione piuttosto semplice e robustezza al fenomeno di multipath fading.
In tale contesto, questa tesi indaga nuove tecniche adattative in cui le risorse e parametri di trasmissione sono adattati in base alle informazioni sullo stato di canale al fine di fornire una consegna affidabile ed efficiente di pacchetti dati su canali selettivi in frequenza. Queste tecniche, note in letteratura come
link resource adaptation (LRA) e resource allocation (RA), sono proposte in combinazione con un numero di funzionalità avanzate come l'efficiente tecnica di codifica di canale chiamata bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) e meccanismi di hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). Diversamente dalla maggior parte dei problemi di LRA e RA considerati nella letteratura, questa tesi si basa sul goodput come figura di merito, definito come il numero di bit di informazione consegnati in pacchetti senza errori per unità di tempo. Quest'ultimo rappresenta, infatti, una metrica adeguata
per dare un quadro attendibile delle effettive prestazioni del collegamento caratterizzato da
modulazione e codifici pratici, trasmissioni a pacchetto e meccanismi di HARQ.
In dettaglio, i contributi principali della tesi sono: la derivazione di una strategia di LRA che assegna modulazione, tasso di codifica e potenza ad un sistema BIC-OFDM cognitivo; un nuovo metodo di predizione delle prestazioni, che sfrutta la metodologia di effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), per sistemi BIC-OFDM impieganti protocolli di HARQ con packet combining; un algoritmo di LRA che seleziona la migliore distribuzione dei bit e tasso di codifica per sistemi BIC-OFDM; uno schema equo di RA che assegna potenza, ordine di modulazione, tasso di codifica e sottoportanti agli utenti sul downlink di un sistema BIC orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) col fine di ottimizzare le prestazioni dell'utente avente il valore più basso di goodput