Enabling Technologies for Distribution of Broadband Radio over Fiber

RÉSUMÉ La radio sur fibre (RoF) a été considérée comme une technologie prometteuse qui concurrencera de manière indisputable comme solution viable pour la distribution des systèmes de communication sans fil à bande large actuels et futurs. La technologie RoF emploie la modulation d'onde sous-porteuse (SCM) pour moduler la lumière par un signal RF, qui à son tour sera transmise par la fibre. Malheureusement, la transmission du signal RF sur la fibre est sujette à un certain nombre de défauts. Ces défauts incluent le faible rendement de la conversion optique en électrique, à la dispersion chromatique de la fibre, et à la non-linéarité de l’émetteur optique. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des technologies de pointe pour la radio sur fibre à large bande. Les conceptions proposées devraient adresser la déformation non linéaire induite par l'émetteur optique, combattre le problème de l’affaiblissement de la puissance optique induit par la dispersion chromatique de la fibre, et améliorer l'efficacité de modulation optique au petit signal sans augmenter de manière significative le cout et la complexité du système RoF. Pour le signal RF à large bande, nous considérons le signal à bande ultra large utilisant le multiplexage par répartition orthogonale de la fréquence (ULB MB-MROF), qui a été proposé comme solution pour le réseau de secteur personnel sans fil d’IEEE 802.15.3a (WPAN). D'abord, la performance de la transmission de l'ULB MB-MROF par la fibre est étudiée en considérant l'impact de modulation et démodulation optique. L'analyse théorique de l'effet de la dispersion de la fibre, de la réponse de l'émetteur optique et du récepteur optique sur la performance du système est effectuée en considérant la distorsion de la phase et de l'amplitude. Des expériences sont réalisées pour vérifier notre analyse théorique et une bonne concordance est obtenue. Il est constaté que l'index de modulation RF de ~4% est optimum pour l'émetteur optique avec le modulateur de Mach-Zehnder, et le récepteur optique avec la réponse de Tchebychev-II est le meilleur pour l'ULB MB-MROF sur fibre. Aussi, la performance de la transmission sans fil est limitée par la sensibilité du récepteur ULB MB-MROF. Il est aussi trouvé qu’une haute puissance optique reçue est exigée pour la transmission du signal de l'ULB MB-MROF sur fibre.----------ABSTRACT Radio over fiber (RoF) has been considered as a very promising technology that will indisputably compete as a viable solution for the distribution of current and future broadband wireless communication systems such as IEEE 802.15.3a WPAN using Multiband-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Ultra-Wideband (MB-OFDM UWB) signal. The RoF technology makes use of subcarrier modulation (SCM) to modulate an RF signal on light, which in turn will be transmitted by optical fiber. Unfortunately, the transmission of RF signal over fiber is subject to a number of impairments. These impairments include: low optical to electrical conversion efficiency, fiber chromatic dispersion, and nonlinearity of the optical front end, etc.. The objective of this thesis is to develop enabling technologies for broadband RoF systems. The proposed design platforms and techniques should address nonlinear distortion induced by the optical transmitter; combat optical power fading issue induced by the chromatic dispersion; and improve modulation efficiency of the optical small-signal modulation without significantly adding excessive expense and complexity to the RoF system. First of all, the performance of MB-OFDM UWB wireless over fiber transmission system is investigated considering optical modulation and demodulation aspects. Theoretical analysis of the effects of fiber chromatic dispersion, relative intensity noise (RIN), optical transmitter and optical receiver response on system performance is carried out considering amplitude and phase distortion. Experiments are conducted, which have verified our theoretical analysis and a good agreement is obtained. It is found that low RF modulation index (4%) for optical transmitter with Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), and optical receiver with Chebyshev-II response is the best for MB-OFDM UWB over fiber. The wireless transmission performance is limited by the UWB receiver sensitivity. Moreover, a high received optical power is required for transmission of MB-OFDM UWB signal over fiber. It is also found that the parameters like laser output power, laser linewidth and fiber dispersion that control RIN, will critically affect the overall performance of a UWB over fiber system

Impact of optical transmission on multi-band OFDM ultra-wideband wireless system with fiber distribution

The performance of MB-OFDM UWB over fiber transmission system is investigated considering optical modulation and demodulation impact. Theoretical analysis of the effect of fiber dispersion, optical transmitter and optical receiver response on system performance is carried out considering amplitude and phase distortion. Experiments are conducted and verified by our theoretical analysis and good agreement is obtained. It is found that RF modulation index of {598}4% is optimum for optical transmitter with Mach-Zehnder modulator, and optical receiver with Chebyshev-II response is the best for MB-OFDM UWB over fiber. It is also found that high received optical power is required for transmission of MB-OFDM UWB signal over fiber. Theoretical analysis of the effect of fiber chromatic dispersion induced laser phase to intensity noise or relative intensity noise (RIN) on system performance is carried out. Experiments are also conducted to verify our theoretical analysis. Simulation is also carried out to show the relationship between RIN and center frequency of UWB bands. It is found that the parameters like laser output power, laser linewidth and fiber dispersion that control RIN, will critically affect the overall performance of a UWB over fiber system. The performance of MB-OFDM UWB over fiber transmission system is also studied considering the effect of in-band jammers such as WiMAX, WLAN MIMO, WLAN and marine radar. Experiments were performed to show the effect of fiber transmission under various interferer power levels. It is found that in-band interferers can cause severe degradation in system performance if certain interferer to UWB peak power ratio is not maintaine

A new hybrid model of dengue incidence rate using negative binomial generalised additive model and fuzzy c-means model: a case study in Selangor

Dengue is one of the top reason for illness and mortality in the world with beyond one­third of the world's population living in the risk areas of dengue infection. In this study, there are five stages to achieve the research objectives. Firstly, the verification of predetem1ined variables. Secondly, the identification of new datasets after clustered by district and Fuzzy C-Means Model (FCM). Thirdly, the development of models using the existing dataset and the new datasets which clustered by the two different clustering categories. Then, to assess the models developed by using three measurement methods which are deviance (D), Akaike Jnfonnation Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Infonnation Criteria (BIC} Lastly, the validation of model developed by comparing the value of D, AIC and BIC between the existing model and the new models developed which used the new datasets. There are two different clustering techniques applied which are clustering the data by district and by FCM. This study proposed a new modelling hybrid framework by using two statistical models which are FCM and negative binomial Generalised Additive Model (GAM). This study successfully presents the significant difference in the climatic and non-climatic factors that influenced dengue incidence rate (DIR) in Selangor, Malaysia. Results show that the climatic factors such as rainfall with current month up to 3 months and number of rainy days with current month up to lag 3 months are significant to DIR. Besides, the interaction between rainfall and number of rainy days also shows strong positive relationship to DIR. Meanwhile, non-climatic vaiiables such as population density, number of locality and lag DIR from I month until 3 months also show significant relationship towards DIR For both clustering techniques, there are two clusters fonned and there are four new models developed in this study. After comparing the values of D, AIC ai1d BIC between the existing model and the new models, this study concluded that four new models recorded lower values compared to the existing model. Therefore, the four new models are selected to present the dengue incidence in Selangor

Architectures and Novel Functionalities for Optical Access OFDM Networks "Arquitecturas y Nuevas Funcionalidades para Redes OFDM de Acceso Óptico"

En los últimos años ha habido un gran aumento en el despliegue de redes de acceso ópticas de fibra hasta el hogar (FTTH, del inglés fibre-to-the home). FTTH es una solución flexible, una tecnología de acceso de futuro que permite proporcionar tasas de datos del orden de Gbit/s por ususario. Diversos estudios indican que FTTH se convertirá en la diferencia clave entre los operadores más importantes. Además, FTTH es la única tecnolotgía capaz de crear nuevas fuentes de ingresos de aplicaciones de alta velocidad, como por ejemple entretenimiento de alta definición (vído y juegos de alta definición...) Dede el punto de vista del operador, una de las vientajas importantes que proporciona FTTH es que permite una mayor eficiencia operativa en coparción con otras tecnologías de acceso, principalmente por la reducción de costes de mantenimiento y de operación. Además, FTTH reduce los requisitos de los equipos de las centrales. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como ojetivo extender estas ventajas más allá del concepto FTTH mediante la integración de la red óptica de distribución desplegada dentro del hogar así como el enlace radio final de corto o medio alcance inalámbrico. Esto proporciona una arquitctura de red FFTH integrada de extremo a extremo. De este modo, los beneficios de la reducción de costes operativos y mayor eficiencia se extienden hasta el usuario final de la red. En esta tesis doctoral, se propone una arqutectura de acceso integrada óptica-radio basada en la multiplexación por división ortogonal de fecuencia (OFDM, del inglés orthogonal frequency división multiplexing) para proporcionar diferentes servicios al usuario como Internet, teléfono/voz, televisión de lata definición, conexión inalámbrica y seguridad en el hogar. Las señales OFDM se utilizan en muchos estándares inalámbricos como las señales de banda ultraancha (UWB, del inglés ultra-wide band), WiMAX, LTE, WLAN, DVB-T o DAB. Estos formatos aprovechan las características intrínsecas de la modulación OFDM como su mayor inmunidad ante desvanecimiento multi-camino. Esta tesis incluye la propuesta y la demostración experimental de la transmisión simultánea y bi-direccional de señales OFDM multi-estándar en radio-sobre-fibra proporcionando servicios triple-play basados en OFDM como UWB para televisión de alta definición, WiMAX para datos de Internet, y LTE para el servicio telefónico.Morant Perez, M. (2012). Architectures and Novel Functionalities for Optical Access OFDM Networks "Arquitecturas y Nuevas Funcionalidades para Redes OFDM de Acceso Óptico" [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15076Palanci

System design and validation of multi-band OFDM wireless communications with multiple antennas

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