2 research outputs found

    Radio-frequency interference mitigating hyperspectral L-band radiometer

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    Radio-frequency interference (RFI) can significantly contaminate the measured radiometric signal of current spaceborne L-band passive microwave radiometers. These spaceborne radiometers operate within the protected passive remote sensing and radio-astronomy frequency allocation of 1400–1427 MHz but nonetheless are still subjected to frequent RFI intrusions. We present a unique surface-based and airborne hyperspectral 385 channel, dual polarization, L-band Fourier transform, RFI-detecting radiometer designed with a frequency range from 1400 through  ≈  1550 MHz. The extended frequency range was intended to increase the likelihood of detecting adjacent RFI-free channels to increase the signal, and therefore the thermal resolution, of the radiometer instrument. The external instrument calibration uses three targets (sky, ambient, and warm), and validation from independent stability measurements shows a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.0 K for ambient and warm targets and 1.5 K for sky. A simple but effective RFI removal method which exploits the large number of frequency channels is also described. This method separates the desired thermal emission from RFI intrusions and was evaluated with synthetic microwave spectra generated using a Monte Carlo approach and validated with surface-based and airborne experimental measurements

    Caractérisation diélectrique micro-onde (1,4 GHz) des arbres et des sols

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    Le dĂ©couplage du signal d’émission micro-onde entre la vĂ©gĂ©tation et le sol demeure une difficultĂ© omniprĂ©sente pour toutes applications en tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection. Pour amĂ©liorer les produits micro-ondes globaux (e.g. humiditĂ© du sol, Ă©tat de gel/dĂ©gel du sol) en milieu forestier, une meilleure estimation de la permittivitĂ© Ă©lectrique de la vĂ©gĂ©tation et du sol est requise. Dans le cadre de ce projet, un nouveau prototype de sonde coaxiale Ă  terminaison ouverte adaptĂ©e aux mesures sur le terrain a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©. Nous montrons dans ce travail que la sonde est apte Ă  mesurer la permittivitĂ© Ă©lectrique en bande L (1.4 GHz) de la vĂ©gĂ©tation et du sol. La sonde affiche des incertitudes maximales de 3,3% pour une large plage de valeurs de permittivitĂ©. La permittivitĂ© complexe de sept espĂšces d’arbres diffĂ©rentes a Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©e dans des conditions de gel et de dĂ©gel. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la permittivitĂ© Ă©lectrique du tronc des arbres est fortement corrĂ©lĂ©e avec l’état de gel/dĂ©gel de la vĂ©gĂ©tation et que cet Ă©tat de gel/dĂ©gel de la vĂ©gĂ©tation est sensible aux courts Ă©vĂ©nements de dĂ©gel hivernal. Il a aussi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© que les diffĂ©rences de permittivitĂ© Ă©lectrique interespĂšces sont importantes. La sonde coaxiale Ă  terminaison ouverte s’est Ă©galement rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e suffisamment prĂ©cise pour capturer le cycle diurne de teneur en eau Ă  l’intĂ©rieur du tronc des arbres. Les mesures de permittivitĂ© Ă©lectrique de sols organiques en chambre froide mettent en Ă©vidence une hystĂ©rĂ©sis importante entre le cycle de gel et de dĂ©gel du sol. Un tel phĂ©nomĂšne n’est pas considĂ©rĂ© dans les modĂšles de permittivitĂ© du sol actuel ni dans les algorithmes de dĂ©tection du gel/dĂ©gel des sols. La sonde devrait permettre d’amĂ©liorer la modĂ©lisation du transfert radiatif en milieu forestier et ainsi permettre d’amĂ©liorer les produits satellitaires en bande L.The decoupling of the signal between vegetation and soil remains an omnipresent difficulty for all remote sensing applications in the microwave spectrum. To improve global microwave products (e.g. soil moisture, freeze/thaw soil state) in the forest environment, a better estimate of the permittivity of vegetation and soil is required. As part of this project, a new prototype of open-ended coaxial probe adapted for field measurements has been developed. The probe is designed to measure the L-band permittivity (1.4 GHz) of vegetation and soil. The probe displays maximum uncertainties of 3.3% for a wide range of permittivity values. The complex permittivity of seven different tree species was characterized under freezing and thawing conditions. The results show that the permittivity of tree trunks is strongly correlated with the freeze/thaw state of vegetation, the tree freeze/thaw state is sensitive to short winter thawing events and the inter species differences in permittivity are important. The open-ended coaxial probe is also precise enough to capture the diurnal cycle of water content within the tree trunks. The permittivity measurements of organic soils in cold chamber show a significant hysteresis between the freezing and thawing cycles. Such phenomenon is not considered in current soil permittivity models or in soil freeze/thaw detection algorithms. The probe will allow to improve radiative transfer models in forest environment and thus improve L-band satellite products
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