Application of M-matrices theory to numerical investigation of a nonlinear elliptic equation with an integral condition

The iterative methods to solve the system of the difference equations derived from the nonlinear elliptic equation with integral condition are considered. The convergence of these methods is proved using the properties of M-matrices, in particular, the regular splitting of an M-matrix. To our knowledge, the theory of M-matrices has not ever been applied to convergence of iterative methods for system of nonlinear difference equations. The main results for the convergence of the iterative methods are obtained by considering the structure of the spectrum of the two-dimensional difference operators with integral condition. *The research was partially supported by the Research Council of Lithuania (grant No. MIP-047/2014)

Optimising Spatial and Tonal Data for PDE-based Inpainting

Some recent methods for lossy signal and image compression store only a few selected pixels and fill in the missing structures by inpainting with a partial differential equation (PDE). Suitable operators include the Laplacian, the biharmonic operator, and edge-enhancing anisotropic diffusion (EED). The quality of such approaches depends substantially on the selection of the data that is kept. Optimising this data in the domain and codomain gives rise to challenging mathematical problems that shall be addressed in our work. In the 1D case, we prove results that provide insights into the difficulty of this problem, and we give evidence that a splitting into spatial and tonal (i.e. function value) optimisation does hardly deteriorate the results. In the 2D setting, we present generic algorithms that achieve a high reconstruction quality even if the specified data is very sparse. To optimise the spatial data, we use a probabilistic sparsification, followed by a nonlocal pixel exchange that avoids getting trapped in bad local optima. After this spatial optimisation we perform a tonal optimisation that modifies the function values in order to reduce the global reconstruction error. For homogeneous diffusion inpainting, this comes down to a least squares problem for which we prove that it has a unique solution. We demonstrate that it can be found efficiently with a gradient descent approach that is accelerated with fast explicit diffusion (FED) cycles. Our framework allows to specify the desired density of the inpainting mask a priori. Moreover, is more generic than other data optimisation approaches for the sparse inpainting problem, since it can also be extended to nonlinear inpainting operators such as EED. This is exploited to achieve reconstructions with state-of-the-art quality. We also give an extensive literature survey on PDE-based image compression methods

On iterative methods for some elliptic equations with nonlocal conditions

The iterative methods for the solution of the system of the difference equations derived from the elliptic equation with nonlocal conditions are considered. The case of the matrix of the difference equations system being the M-matrix is investigated. Main results for the convergence of the iterative methods are obtained considering the structure of the spectrum of the difference operators with nonlocal conditions. Furthermore, the case when the matrix of the system of difference equations has only positive eigenvalues was investigated. The survey of results on convergence of iterative methods for difference problem with nonlocal condition is also presented. 1The research was partially supported by the Research Council of Lithuania (grant No. MIP-051/2011). 2The research was partially supported by the Research Council of Lithuania (grant No. MIP-047/2014)

On iterative methods for some elliptic equations with nonlocal conditions

The iterative methods for the solution of the system of the difference equations derived from the elliptic equation with nonlocal conditions are considered. The case of the matrix of the difference equations system being the M-matrix is investigated. Main results for the convergence of the iterative methods are obtained considering the structure of the spectrum of the difference operators with nonlocal conditions. Furthermore, the case when the matrix of the system of difference equations has only positive eigenvalues was investigated. The survey of results on convergence of iterative methods for difference problem with nonlocal condition is also presented