1,921 research outputs found
Quantum algorithm for estimating volumes of convex bodies
Estimating the volume of a convex body is a central problem in convex
geometry and can be viewed as a continuous version of counting. We present a
quantum algorithm that estimates the volume of an -dimensional convex body
within multiplicative error using
queries to a membership oracle and
additional arithmetic operations. For
comparison, the best known classical algorithm uses
queries and
additional arithmetic operations. To the
best of our knowledge, this is the first quantum speedup for volume estimation.
Our algorithm is based on a refined framework for speeding up simulated
annealing algorithms that might be of independent interest. This framework
applies in the setting of "Chebyshev cooling", where the solution is expressed
as a telescoping product of ratios, each having bounded variance. We develop
several novel techniques when implementing our framework, including a theory of
continuous-space quantum walks with rigorous bounds on discretization error. To
complement our quantum algorithms, we also prove that volume estimation
requires quantum membership queries, which rules
out the possibility of exponential quantum speedup in and shows optimality
of our algorithm in up to poly-logarithmic factors.Comment: 61 pages, 8 figures. v2: Quantum query complexity improved to
and number of additional arithmetic
operations improved to . v3: Improved
Section 4.3.3 on nondestructive mean estimation and Section 6 on quantum
lower bounds; various minor change
Entanglement in bipartite quantum systems: Euclidean volume ratios and detectability by Bell inequalities
Euclidean volume ratios between quantum states with positive partial
transpose and all quantum states in bipartite systems are investigated. These
ratios allow a quantitative exploration of the typicality of entanglement and
of its detectability by Bell inequalities. For this purpose a new numerical
approach is developed. It is based on the Peres-Horodecki criterion, on a
characterization of the convex set of quantum states by inequalities resulting
from Newton identities and from Descartes' rule of signs, and on a numerical
approach involving the multiphase Monte Carlo method and the hit-and-run
algorithm. This approach confirms not only recent analytical and numerical
results on two-qubit, qubit--qutrit, and qubit--four-level qudit states but
also allows for a numerically reliable numerical treatment of so far unexplored
qutrit--qutrit states. Based on this numerical approach with the help of the
Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality and the Collins-Gisin inequality the
degree of detectability of entanglement is investigated for two-qubit quantum
states. It is investigated quantitatively to which extent a combined test of
both Bell inequalities can increase the detectability of entanglement beyond
what is achievable by each of these inequalities separately.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
Two-Qubit Separability Probabilities and Beta Functions
Due to recent important work of Zyczkowski and Sommers (quant-ph/0302197 and
quant-ph/0304041), exact formulas are available (both in terms of the
Hilbert-Schmidt and Bures metrics) for the (n^2-1)-dimensional and
(n(n-1)/2-1)-dimensional volumes of the complex and real n x n density
matrices. However, no comparable formulas are available for the volumes (and,
hence, probabilities) of various separable subsets of them. We seek to clarify
this situation for the Hilbert-Schmidt metric for the simplest possible case of
n=4, that is, the two-qubit systems. Making use of the density matrix (rho)
parameterization of Bloore (J. Phys. A 9, 2059 [1976]), we are able to reduce
each of the real and complex volume problems to the calculation of a
one-dimensional integral, the single relevant variable being a certain ratio of
diagonal entries, nu = (rho_{11} rho_{44})/{rho_{22} rho_{33})$. The associated
integrand in each case is the product of a known (highly oscillatory near nu=1)
jacobian and a certain unknown univariate function, which our extensive
numerical (quasi-Monte Carlo) computations indicate is very closely
proportional to an (incomplete) beta function B_{nu}(a,b), with a=1/2,
b=sqrt{3}in the real case, and a=2 sqrt{6}/5, b =3/sqrt{2} in the complex case.
Assuming the full applicability of these specific incomplete beta functions, we
undertake separable volume calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, paper is substantially rewritten and
reorganized, with the quasi-Monte Carlo integration sample size being greatly
increase
Simpler (classical) and faster (quantum) algorithms for Gibbs partition functions
We consider the problem of approximating the partition function of a
classical Hamiltonian using simulated annealing. This requires the computation
of a cooling schedule, and the ability to estimate the mean of the Gibbs
distributions at the corresponding inverse temperatures. We propose classical
and quantum algorithms for these two tasks, achieving two goals: (i) we
simplify the seminal work of \v{S}tefankovi\v{c}, Vempala and Vigoda
(\emph{J.~ACM}, 56(3), 2009), improving their running time and almost matching
that of the current classical state of the art; (ii) we quantize our new simple
algorithm, improving upon the best known algorithm for computing partition
functions of many problems, due to Harrow and Wei (SODA 2020). A key ingredient
of our method is the paired-product estimator of Huber (\emph{Ann.\ Appl.\
Probab.}, 25(2),~2015). The proposed quantum algorithm has two advantages over
the classical algorithm: it has quadratically faster dependence on the spectral
gap of the Markov chains as well as the precision, and it computes a shorter
cooling schedule, which matches the length conjectured to be optimal by
\v{S}tefankovi\v{c}, Vempala and Vigoda.Comment: Comments welcom
Applied Harmonic Analysis and Sparse Approximation
Efficiently analyzing functions, in particular multivariate functions, is a key problem in applied mathematics. The area of applied harmonic analysis has a significant impact on this problem by providing methodologies both for theoretical questions and for a wide range of applications in technology and science, such as image processing. Approximation theory, in particular the branch of the theory of sparse approximations, is closely intertwined with this area with a lot of recent exciting developments in the intersection of both. Research topics typically also involve related areas such as convex optimization, probability theory, and Banach space geometry. The workshop was the continuation of a first event in 2012 and intended to bring together world leading experts in these areas, to report on recent developments, and to foster new developments and collaborations
Convex Geometry and its Applications (hybrid meeting)
The geometry of convex domains in Euclidean space plays a central role
in several branches of mathematics: functional and harmonic analysis, the
theory of PDE, linear programming and, increasingly, in the study of
algorithms in computer science.
The purpose
of this meeting was to bring together researchers from the analytic, geometric and probabilistic
groups who have contributed to these developments
Quantum algorithms for machine learning and optimization
The theories of optimization and machine learning answer foundational questions in computer science and lead to new algorithms for practical applications. While these topics have been extensively studied in the context of classical computing, their quantum counterparts are far from well-understood. In this thesis, we explore algorithms that bridge the gap between the fields of quantum computing and machine learning.
First, we consider general optimization problems with only function evaluations. For two core problems, namely general convex optimization and volume estimation of convex bodies, we give quantum algorithms as well as quantum lower bounds that constitute the quantum speedups of both problems to be polynomial compared to their classical counterparts.
We then consider machine learning and optimization problems with input data stored explicitly as matrices. We first look at semidefinite programs and provide quantum algorithms with polynomial speedup compared to the classical state-of-the-art. We then move to machine learning and give the optimal quantum algorithms for linear and kernel-based classifications. To complement with our quantum algorithms, we also introduce a framework for quantum-inspired classical algorithms, showing that for low-rank matrix arithmetics there can only be polynomial quantum speedup.
Finally, we study statistical problems on quantum computers, with the focus on testing properties of probability distributions. We show that for testing various properties including L1-distance, L2-distance, Shannon and Renyi entropies, etc., there are polynomial quantum speedups compared to their classical counterparts. We also extend these results to testing properties of quantum states
- …