52 research outputs found
Exploring Quantum Computing's Potential Breakthroughs and Challenges
Recent years have seen the rise of quantum computing as a game-changing technology that might alter the face of many industries, from optimization to cryptography. From theory to practice, this article covers quantum computing's journey. We review the quantum computing foundational concepts of superposition and entanglement and examine their consequences for the paradigm of computation. We emphasize the concrete advances in quantum hardware, error correction methods, and quantum algorithm creation through a thorough survey of recent discoveries. Nevertheless, significant obstacles accompany these advancements. An ever-present problem, quantum de coherence endangers both the consistency of quantum states and the accuracy of calculations. The effectiveness of quantum error correcting approaches in reducing de coherence is examined in our paper. We highlight the need for programming languages, compilers, and simulators that are customized to quantum hardware, as well as the increasing demands for quantum software infrastructure. Questions of security and ethics arise in light of the many possible uses of quantum computing in fields as diverse as optimization, cryptography, and materials research. Error correction and the execution of algorithms containing both classical and quantum logic require the classical part. We provide a comprehensive system stack outlining the various components of a quantum computer. We wrap up by talking about design decisions on the quantum plane and show the control logic and data flow that must be applied when quantum instructions are executed
Factorization in Cybersecurity: a Dual Role of Defense and Vulnerability in the Age of Quantum Computing
One of the most critical components of modern cryptography and thus cybersecurity is the ability to factor large integers quickly and efficiently. RSA encryption, one of the most used types, is based largely on the assumption that factoring for large numbers is computationally infeasible for humans and computers alike. However, with quantum computers, people can use an algorithm like Shor’s algorithm to perform the same task exponentially faster than any normal device ever could. This investigation will go into the strength and vulnerability of RSA encryption using the power of factorization in an age of quantum computers.We start by looking at the foundations of both classical and quantum factoring with greater detail at number field sieve (NFS) and Shor’s. We examine the mathematical background of each topic and the associated algorithms. We conclude with theoretical analysis and experimental simulations that address the difficulty and implications of the above-mentioned algorithms in cryptography. The final thing that I will be discussing is where quantum computing is at present and how this could pose a threat to the current type of cryptographic systems, we use every day. I will be mentioning how we need post-quantum cryptography and how people are currently creating algorithms that are designed to be attack-resistant even to large-scale quantum computers. This investigation has shown the changing dynamics of cybersecurity in the quantum era and helps us understand the challenges and the need to innovate the current cryptographic systems
Towards quantum advantage via topological data analysis
Even after decades of quantum computing development, examples of generally
useful quantum algorithms with exponential speedups over classical counterparts
are scarce. Recent progress in quantum algorithms for linear-algebra positioned
quantum machine learning (QML) as a potential source of such useful exponential
improvements. Yet, in an unexpected development, a recent series of
"dequantization" results has equally rapidly removed the promise of exponential
speedups for several QML algorithms. This raises the critical question whether
exponential speedups of other linear-algebraic QML algorithms persist. In this
paper, we study the quantum-algorithmic methods behind the algorithm for
topological data analysis of Lloyd, Garnerone and Zanardi through this lens. We
provide evidence that the problem solved by this algorithm is classically
intractable by showing that its natural generalization is as hard as simulating
the one clean qubit model -- which is widely believed to require
superpolynomial time on a classical computer -- and is thus very likely immune
to dequantizations. Based on this result, we provide a number of new quantum
algorithms for problems such as rank estimation and complex network analysis,
along with complexity-theoretic evidence for their classical intractability.
Furthermore, we analyze the suitability of the proposed quantum algorithms for
near-term implementations. Our results provide a number of useful applications
for full-blown, and restricted quantum computers with a guaranteed exponential
speedup over classical methods, recovering some of the potential for
linear-algebraic QML to become one of quantum computing's killer applications.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures. New results added and improved expositio
Quantum Computing: Past, Present, and Future
A look into quantum computing\u27s origins, modern-day real-world applications, and future potential in the scientific community..
Quantum Computing Standards & Accounting Information Systems
This research investigates the potential implications of quantum technology
on accounting information systems, and business overall. This endeavor focuses
on the vulnerabilities of quantum computers and the emergence of
quantum-resistant encryption algorithms. This paper critically analyzes quantum
standards and their transformative effects on the efficiency, expediency, and
security of commerce. By comparing the differences, similarities, and
limitations of quantum standards, the research presents a collection of best
practices and adaptation methods to fortify organizations against cyber threats
in the quantum era. The study provides a guide to understanding and navigating
the interplay between quantum technology and standard-setting organizations,
enabling organizations to safeguard the integrity of their practices and adapt
proactively to the challenges ushered in by the advent of quantum supremacy.
This endeavor also contributes to research by painting the standard-setting
ecosystem and noting its intricate processes. The findings include the
identification of organizations involved with quantum standards, as well as
observed distinctions, similarities, and limitations between American and
European standards
Quantum Software Engineering: A New Genre of Computing
Quantum computing (QC) is no longer only a scientific interest but is rapidly
becoming an industrially available technology that can potentially tackle the
limitations of classical computing. Over the last few years, major technology
giants have invested in developing hardware and programming frameworks to
develop quantum-specific applications. QC hardware technologies are gaining
momentum, however, operationalizing the QC technologies trigger the need for
software-intensive methodologies, techniques, processes, tools, roles, and
responsibilities for developing industrial-centric quantum software
applications. This paper presents the vision of the quantum software
engineering (QSE) life cycle consisting of quantum requirements engineering,
quantum software design, quantum software implementation, quantum software
testing, and quantum software maintenance. This paper particularly calls for
joint contributions of software engineering research and industrial community
to present real-world solutions to support the entire quantum software
development activities. The proposed vision facilitates the researchers and
practitioners to propose new processes, reference architectures, novel tools,
and practices to leverage quantum computers and develop emerging and next
generations of quantum software
A spin qubit in a fin field-effect transistor
Quantum computing's greatest challenge is scaling up. Several decades ago,
classical computers faced the same problem and a single solution emerged:
very-large-scale integration using silicon. Today's silicon chips consist of
billions of field-effect transistors (FinFETs) in which current flow along the
fin-shaped channel is controlled by wrap-around gates. The semiconductor
industry currently employs fins of sub-10nm width, small enough for quantum
applications: at low temperature, an electron or hole can be trapped under the
gate and serve as a spin qubit. An attractive benefit of silicon's advantageous
scaling properties is that quantum hardware and its classical control circuitry
can be integrated in the same package. This, however, requires qubit operation
at temperatures greater than 1K where the cooling is sufficient to overcome
the heat dissipation. Here, we demonstrate that a silicon FinFET is an
excellent host for spin qubits that operate even above 4K. We achieve fast
electrical control of hole spins with driving frequencies up to 150MHz and
single-qubit gate fidelities at the fault-tolerance threshold. The number of
spin rotations before coherence is lost at these "hot" temperatures already
matches or exceeds values on hole spin qubits at mK temperatures. While our
devices feature both industry compatibility and quality, they are fabricated in
a flexible and agile way to accelerate their development. This work paves the
way towards large-scale integration of all-electrical and ultrafast spin
qubits
Shallow Depth Factoring Based on Quantum Feasibility Labeling and Variational Quantum Search
Large integer factorization is a prominent research challenge, particularly
in the context of quantum computing. This holds significant importance,
especially in information security that relies on public key cryptosystems. The
classical computation of prime factors for an integer has exponential time
complexity. Quantum computing offers the potential for significantly faster
computational processes compared to classical processors. In this paper, we
propose a new quantum algorithm, Shallow Depth Factoring (SDF), to factor a
biprime integer. SDF consists of three steps. First, it converts a factoring
problem to an optimization problem without an objective function. Then, it uses
a Quantum Feasibility Labeling (QFL) method to label every possible solution
according to whether it is feasible or infeasible for the optimization problem.
Finally, it employs the Variational Quantum Search (VQS) to find all feasible
solutions. The SDF utilizes shallow-depth quantum circuits for efficient
factorization, with the circuit depth scaling linearly as the integer to be
factorized increases. Through minimizing the number of gates in the circuit,
the algorithm enhances feasibility and reduces vulnerability to errors.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Internetics: Technologies, Applications and Academic Field, or, Parallel Computing and Computational Science Do Not Quite Work
Ten years ago, we were all sure that parallel computing technology and the interdisciplinary academic field of computational science would be center pieces of both academic and economic growth. We show that this insight was, in principle, correct but was an incomplete vision for large-scale computation implies both increased computer power and increasing numbers of users and applications. Parallel computing undoubtedly works on essentially all problems, but we were unable to produce deployable software systems. Further, few industries could achieve adequate return to justify investment in parallel computers, except in a few areas such as databases. Computational science is the academic field on the interface of computer science with fields such as physics, chemistry, and applied mathematics. This expertise allows you to be very useful and, in principle, is an excellent area of study, but is not a wise field for many students as employers and universities prefer traditional fields. We show how parallel computing and computational science has evolved into Internetics, which is a vibrant growing and much larger field that surely does work both in principle and in practice. Internetics embodies the technologies and expertise used in building large-scale distributed systems and linking fields like physics not just with parallel computers, but with the Web of complex heterogeneous computers. This is CORBA and Java, and not just MPI and HPF. It is Internetics that is the emerging academic field, and not computational science, and internetics is of growing attraction to students and employers. Using an Internetics base, we will produce much better software environments for parallel systems, but the commercial and academic fields associated with parallelism will not grow in the near future. We argue that we almost got it right and the essential features of the original vision were correct and are part of current broader thrust
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