Fast Discrete Consensus Based on Gossip for Makespan Minimization in Networked Systems

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to solve the discrete consensus problem, i.e., the problem of distributing evenly a set of tokens of arbitrary weight among the nodes of a networked system. Tokens are tasks to be executed by the nodes and the proposed distributed algorithm minimizes monotonically the makespan of the assigned tasks. The algorithm is based on gossip-like asynchronous local interactions between the nodes. The convergence time of the proposed algorithm is superior with respect to the state of the art of discrete and quantized consensus by at least a factor O(n) in both theoretical and empirical comparisons

Consensus Algorithms for Estimation and Discrete Averaging in Networked Control Systems

In this thesis several topics on consensus and gossip algorithms for multi-agent systems are addressed. An agent is a dynamical system that can be fully described by a state-space representation of its dynamics. A multi-agent system is a network of agents whose pattern of interactions or couplings is described by a graph. Consensus problems in multi-agent systems consist in the study of local interaction rules between the agents such that as global emergent behavior the network converges to the so called "consensus" or "agreement" state where the value of each agent's state is the same and it is possibly a function of the initial network state, for instance the average. A consensus algorithm is thus a set of local interaction rules that solve the consensus problem under some assumptions on the network topology. A gossip algorithm is a set of local state update rules between the agents that, disregarding their objective, are supposed to be implemented in a totally asynchronous way between pairs of neighboring agents, thus resembling the act of "gossiping" in a crowd of people. In this thesis several algorithms based on gossip that solve the consensus and other related problems are presented. In the �first part, several solutions to the consensus problem based on gossip under different sets of assumptions are proposed. In the fi�rst case, it is assumed that the state of the agents is discretized and represents a collection of tasks of different size. In the second case, under the same discretization assumptions of the �rst case, it is assumed that the network is represented by a Hamiltonian graph and it is shown how under this assumption the convergence speed can be improved. In the third case, a solution for the consensus problem for networks represented by arbitrary strongly connected directed graphs is proposed, assuming that the state of the agents is a real number. In the fourth case, a coordinate-free consensus algorithm based on gossip is designed and applied to a network of vehicles able to sense the relative distance between each other but with no access to absolute position information or to a common coordinate system. The proposed algorithm is then used to build in a decentralized way a common reference frame for the network of vehicles. In the second part, a novel local interaction rule based on the consensus equation is proposed together with an algorithm to estimate in a decentralized way the spectrum of the Laplacian matrix that encodes the network topology. As emergent behavior, each agent's state oscillates only at frequencies corresponding to the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix thus mapping the spectrum estimation problem into a signal processing problem solvable using the Fourier Transform. It is further shown that the constant component of the emergent behavior in the frequency domain solves the consensus on the average problem. The spectrum estimation algorithm is then applied to leader-follower networks of mobile vehicles to infer in a decentralized way properties such as controllability, osservability and other topological features of the network such as its topology. Finally, a fault detection and recovery technique for sensor networks based on the so called motion-probes is presented to address the inherent lack of robustness against outlier agents in networks implementing consensus algorithms to solve the distributed averaging problem

Quantized consensus in Hamiltonian graphs

The main contribution of this paper is an algorithm to solve an extended version of the quantized consensus problem over networks represented by Hamiltonian graphs, i.e., graphs containing a Hamiltonian cycle, which we assume to be known in advance. Given a network of agents, we assume that a certain number of tokens should be assigned to the agents, so that the total number of tokens weighted by their sizes is the same for all the agents. The algorithm is proved to converge almost surely to a finite set containing the optimal solution. A worst case study of the expected convergence time is carried out, thus proving the efficiency of the algorithm with respect to other solutions recently presented in the literature. Moreover, the algorithm has a decentralized stop criterion once the convergence set is reached