A study of manual control methodology with annotated bibliography

Manual control methodology - study with annotated bibliograph

Technical approaches for measurement of human errors

Human error is a significant contributing factor in a very high proportion of civil transport, general aviation, and rotorcraft accidents. The technical details of a variety of proven approaches for the measurement of human errors in the context of the national airspace system are presented. Unobtrusive measurements suitable for cockpit operations and procedures in part of full mission simulation are emphasized. Procedure, system performance, and human operator centered measurements are discussed as they apply to the manual control, communication, supervisory, and monitoring tasks which are relevant to aviation operations

Degradation of learned skills. A review and annotated bibliography

An overview of the literature dealing with the retention of learned skills is presented. Basic effects of task type, training, retention interval, and recall variables are discussed, providing a background against which more recent literature dealing with operational spaceflights tasks is compared and assessed. Detailed and summary abstracts of research reports having particular relevance to the problem of spaceflight skill retention are provided

The role of manipulator characteristics in selecting the ideal effective vehicle

A structural model of the human pilot is introduced and discussed. The model is used to provide a rationale for certain nonlinear pilot control behavior such as stick pulsing and serves as a framework for studying aspects of motor skill development. In light of the theoretical background provided by the model, some past empirical pilot response phenomena are analyzed and shown to be attributable to manipulator or control stick characteristics. In particular, some recent problems associated with pilot/vehicle performance in glideslope tracking in short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft are analyzed. The apparent contribution of the cockpit manipulator (throttle) characteristics to these problems are outlined and a solution proposed and evaluated in both simulation and flight test

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 192

This bibliography lists 247 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in March 1979

Augmenting Sensorimotor Control Using “Goal-Aware” Vibrotactile Stimulation during Reaching and Manipulation Behaviors

We describe two sets of experiments that examine the ability of vibrotactile encoding of simple position error and combined object states (calculated from an optimal controller) to enhance performance of reaching and manipulation tasks in healthy human adults. The goal of the first experiment (tracking) was to follow a moving target with a cursor on a computer screen. Visual and/or vibrotactile cues were provided in this experiment, and vibrotactile feedback was redundant with visual feedback in that it did not encode any information above and beyond what was already available via vision. After only 10 minutes of practice using vibrotactile feedback to guide performance, subjects tracked the moving target with response latency and movement accuracy values approaching those observed under visually guided reaching. Unlike previous reports on multisensory enhancement, combining vibrotactile and visual feedback of performance errors conferred neither positive nor negative effects on task performance. In the second experiment (balancing), vibrotactile feedback encoded a corrective motor command as a linear combination of object states (derived from a linear-quadratic regulator implementing a trade-off between kinematic and energetic performance) to teach subjects how to balance a simulated inverted pendulum. Here, the tactile feedback signal differed from visual feedback in that it provided information that was not readily available from visual feedback alone. Immediately after applying this novel “goal-aware” vibrotactile feedback, time to failure was improved by a factor of three. Additionally, the effect of vibrotactile training persisted after the feedback was removed. These results suggest that vibrotactile encoding of appropriate combinations of state information may be an effective form of augmented sensory feedback that can be applied, among other purposes, to compensate for lost or compromised proprioception as commonly observed, for example, in stroke survivors

Aerospace medicine and biology. A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 206, May 1980

This bibliography lists 169 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in April 1980

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 349)

This bibliography lists 149 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during April, 1991. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, and flight crew behavior and performance

Aerospace Medicine and Biology. A continuing bibliography with indexes

This bibliography lists 244 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in February 1981. Aerospace medicine and aerobiology topics are included. Listings for physiological factors, astronaut performance, control theory, artificial intelligence, and cybernetics are included

Evaluation of a Display with Both Quickened and Status Information for Control of a Second Order System

Quickened displays have a severe limitation in that they do not give any indication of status information, and therefore no indication of actual error. It was hypothesized in this study that a display with both quickened and status information would enable the operator to make more effective control responses than either a status alone display, or a quickened alone display. A horizontal axis pursuit tracking task was developed and controlled by eighteen participants with three display types: (1) a status alone display; (2) a quickened alone display; and (3) a status and quickened combined display. The primary hypothesis was only partly accepted. The results indicated that after two minutes tracking time the combined and quickened displays give the best performance, with worse performance from the status display. After ten minutes tracking time the combined display was the best, followed by the status display and the quickened display. The study concluded that the use of a combined display did yield superior performance for the tracking task devised. The effectiveness of the combined display relative to the quickened display or the status display was, however, a function of practice time