Immersive Visualization for Enhanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

Modern biomedical computer simulations produce spatiotemporal results that are often viewed at a single point in time on standard 2D displays. An immersive visualization environment (IVE) with 3D stereoscopic capability can mitigate some shortcomings of 2D displays via improved depth cues and active movement to further appreciate the spatial localization of imaging data with temporal computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results. We present a semi-automatic workflow for the import, processing, rendering, and stereoscopic visualization of high resolution, patient-specific imaging data, and CFD results in an IVE. Versatility of the workflow is highlighted with current clinical sequelae known to be influenced by adverse hemodynamics to illustrate potential clinical utility

Cardiovascular instrumentation for spaceflight

The observation mechanisms dealing with pressure, flow, morphology, temperature, etc. are discussed. The approach taken in the performance of this study was to (1) review ground and space-flight data on cardiovascular function, including earlier related ground-based and space-flight animal studies, Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and recent bed-rest studies, (2) review cardiovascular measurement parameters required to assess individual performance and physiological alternations during space flight, (3) perform an instrumentation survey including a literature search as well as personal contact with the applicable investigators, (4) assess instrumentation applicability with respect to the established criteria, and (5) recommend future research and development activity. It is concluded that, for the most part, the required instrumentation technology is available but that mission-peculiar criteria will require modifications to adapt the applicable instrumentation to a space-flight configuration

Development of a real-time high-resolution 3D ultrasound imaging system

In this work a real-time high-resolution 3D ultrasound imaging system is developed, allowing the 3D acquisition and imaging of high-resolution ultrasound data for biomedical applications. The system uses ultrasound transducers in the ranges of 30 to 100 MHz, and allows full access of the radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound data for the 3D image reconstruction. This work includes the development of two graphical user interfaces in C++ to interact with a high-resolution ultrasound system and to image the high-resolution ultrasound data. In addition, a methodology is described and implemented in the system for 3D ultrasound reconstruction and visualization. The development of these GUIs allows easy 3D high-resolution ultrasound acquisition and imaging to any user with basic knowledge in ultrasound and with only minimal and faster training in the system and the GUIs. This capability opens the system to any researcher or person interested in performing experimentations with high-resolution ultrasound.;The high-resolution 3D ultrasound imaging system is tested to assess atherosclerosis using different mouse models. To assess atherosclerosis, a series of in vitro studies are performed to 3D scan vessels of mouse aortas and carotids vessels with atherosclerosis, as well as mouse hearts with atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE) and the apolipoprotein E-A1 adenosine receptor double knockout (DKO) mice model with their wild type control (C57) are used. Three-dimensional reconstructions were rendered showing good matches with the samples morphology. In addition, 3D sections of the data are reconstructed showing atherosclerotic plaque in the samples. The 3D ultrasound reconstruction allows for us to analyze a sample from outside and inside by rotating around any angle and cropping non-relevant data, allowing us to observe shape and appearance of the 3D structures. Finally, after reconstructing and analyzing the 3D ultrasound images, a 3D quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic plaque is performed. After analyzing the samples, the plaque lesions of DKO mouse model exhibits smaller areas than those of the APOE mouse model. Additionally, the C57 mouse model is clean of any atherosclerosis. These findings are in agreement with a previous study of our group for these mouse models