4 research outputs found

    Semantics of time travel in a generative information space

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    This thesis focuses on interactive and computational semantics for manipulating the time-based medium of an evolving information space. The interactive semantics enable the user to engage in linear timeline traversal and non-linear history manipulation. Extended tape recorder metaphor controls, including jog-shuttle based navigation, provide the user with flexible means for operating the software's generative functionalities, and linearly traversing session history. The user can see previews of information space states while traversing the history using the jog-shuttle. We also introduce a door-latch metaphor that enables one of several considered forms of nonlinear history manipulation. Users can change history by retroactively latching an information sample in its position across time. For representing the information space history, we have developed MPEG-like computational keyframe semantics. This representation is in the form of XML, which is generated automatically and converted back to Java by a framework named ecologylab.xml, which was developed as a part of this thesis. These computational keyframe semantics serve as the basis for interaction semantics. A user study was conducted in the form of a design competition, to evaluate these new features. The results indicated that the users do find the time travel features useful and they feel more in-control of the information space with access to time travel features compared to the case when time travel features are not present

    Scalability of findability: decentralized search and retrieval in large information networks

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    Amid the rapid growth of information today is the increasing challenge for people to survive and navigate its magnitude. Dynamics and heterogeneity of large information spaces such as the Web challenge information retrieval in these environments. Collection of information in advance and centralization of IR operations are hardly possible because systems are dynamic and information is distributed. While monolithic search systems continue to struggle with scalability problems of today, the future of search likely requires a decentralized architecture where many information systems can participate. As individual systems interconnect to form a global structure, finding relevant information in distributed environments transforms into a problem concerning not only information retrieval but also complex networks. Understanding network connectivity will provide guidance on how decentralized search and retrieval methods can function in these information spaces. The dissertation studies one aspect of scalability challenges facing classic information retrieval models and presents a decentralized, organic view of information systems pertaining to search in large scale networks. It focuses on the impact of network structure on search performance and investigates a phenomenon we refer to as the Clustering Paradox, in which the topology of interconnected systems imposes a scalability limit. Experiments involving large scale benchmark collections provide evidence on the Clustering Paradox in the IR context. In an increasingly large, distributed environment, decentralized searches for relevant information can continue to function well only when systems interconnect in certain ways. Relying on partial indexes of distributed systems, some level of network clustering enables very efficient and effective discovery of relevant information in large scale networks. Increasing or reducing network clustering degrades search performances. Given this specific level of network clustering, search time is well explained by a poly-logarithmic relation to network size, indicating a high scalability potential for searching in a continuously growing information space

    Scientific dissemination and professional practices through digital media: The study of pragmatic strategies in the communication of international research projects

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    La investigaci贸n cient铆fica hoy en d铆a est谩 ligada a los procesos de globalizaci贸n y a la b煤squeda de la innovaci贸n y la excelencia, lo cual favorece una creciente colaboraci贸n, internacionalizaci贸n y multidisciplinariedad. Para llevar a cabo estas iniciativas ambiciosas y de gran escala, los investigadores necesitan la financiaci贸n externa que distintas organizaciones, instituciones y programas pueden proporcionar. Esta reconfiguraci贸n del trabajo acad茅mico va de la mano de la ubiquidad y popularidad de Internet. Un extenso abanico de g茅neros, plataformas y medios digitales permiten a los cient铆ficos y acad茅micos difundir sus investigaciones a una audiencia amplia y heterog茅nea. La inversi贸n de esfuerzo en la comunicaci贸n mediada digitalmente permite a los investigadores contribuir a una diseminaci贸n m谩s efectiva del conocimiento generado, as铆 como cumplir con su compromiso social. Por otra parte, este esfuerzo les puede permitir reforzar su reputaci贸n como investigadores y conseguir un mayor impacto. Un ejemplo destacado de este escenario acad茅mico cambiante donde se maximiza el discurso digital para prop贸sitos investigadores es el de los proyectos de investigaci贸n internacionales. Se trata de consorcios compuestos de miembros provenientes de entornos socioculturales y profesionales distintos que hacen uso de sitios web y redes sociales para la diseminaci贸n de sus proyectos conjuntos y utilizan las caracter铆sticas tecnol贸gicas y comunicativas de estos espacios digitales para ofrecer actualizaciones peri贸dicas de su trabajo e informaci贸n sobre hallazgos en progreso y resultados de investigaci贸n. De este modo, rinden cuentas a los organismos que los financian y aumentan su visibilidad entre los lectores digitales. Las intenciones comunicativas de estos equipos de investigaci贸n para cumplir dichos objetivos se codifican y transmiten discursivamente a trav茅s de diversas estrategias pragm谩ticas, que se encuadran en determinados par谩metros contextuales y que responden a las especificidades del medio y se ven constre帽idas por estas. Estas estrategias revelan c贸mo los investigadores comparten la informaci贸n, c贸mo publicitan sus hallazgos y c贸mo se dirigen a sus potenciales lectores.As铆, esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo investigar las estrategias pragm谩ticas prominentes en lengua inglesa empleadas por grupos de investigaci贸n internacionales en sus pr谩cticas digitales discursivas, que normalmente se materializan en sitios webs y redes sociales para sus proyectos. Con este prop贸sito, se compil贸 y analiz贸 el corpus digital EUROPRO, que contiene 30 sitios web de proyectos de investigaci贸n que recibieron financiaci贸n en el marco del programa Horizonte2020 (subcorpus EUROPROwebs) y las correspondientes cuentas de Twitter de aquellos proyectos (subcorpus EUROPROtweets). Dichos subcorpus han sido extra铆dos de la base de datos digital EUROPRO recopilada por el grupo de investigaci贸n InterGedi. En mi tesis doctoral propongo una taxonom铆a derivada de los datos como resultado del an谩lisis del corpus, que comprende 27 estrategias organizadas en torno a tres macrocategor铆as: informativas, promocionales e interaccionales. Incido te贸rica y metodol贸gicamente en el proceso de dise帽ar y revisar esta herramienta anal铆tica para as铆 demonstrar su solidez y viabilidad. Adem谩s, analizo el rango de ocurrencia, la frecuencia y el uso espec铆fico de estas estrategias en las secciones que aparecen de manera sistem谩tica en los sitios web incluidos en el corpus y en las p谩ginas web donde se aloja la mayor parte de la informaci贸n sobre el proyecto (Homepage, About, Partners, News & Events), en las cuentas de Twitter y, de forma comparativa, entre las secciones web y los tuits, con el fin de observar tendencias significativas y en cuanto a similitudes y diferencias en su funcionamiento en estos medios digitales. Adem谩s, adopto un enfoque etnogr谩fico mediante la inclusi贸n de evidencias contextuales conseguidas a trav茅s de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con investigadores de los proyectos Horizonte2020, cuyos resultados ayudan a sustentar los hallazgos procedentes del an谩lisis textual. Tambi茅n tomo una perspectiva multimodal sobre c贸mo se emplean las estrategias pragm谩ticas en los sitios web de proyectos de investigaci贸n en relaci贸n a la secci贸n Homepages. Este an谩lisis, en concreto, permite reconocer el potencial de los recursos verbales y visuales para la construcci贸n de significado desde una perspectiva pragm谩tica. En general, el presente estudio busca ahondar en nuestro entendimiento de pr谩cticas acad茅micas digitales que est谩n evolucionando r谩pidamente y que tienen gran alcance, en particular adoptadas por grupos de investigaci贸n, que pueden beneficiarse de los resultados y las implicaciones de esta investigaci贸n para la futura comunicaci贸n y diseminaci贸n de sus proyectos cient铆ficos.<br /

    Goal-orientated knowledge management

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    Knowledge Management (KM) is a mystifying and multidimensional concept. Although recognised as a discipline since the mid 1990's, KM continues to produce controversial debate amongst academics and practitioners from a variety of backgrounds. The competing schools of thought in the KM field stimulate fragmentation, which has led to the development of a wide variety of KM strategies and approaches. The literature review reveals that the majority of organisations consider KM to be strategically important, yet at the same time the majority of KM initiatives fail. One of the most fundamental reasons for the high failure rate in KM initiatives seems to be a distinct lack of focus and direction. There isn't enough attention paid to the specific objectives that each organisation is trying to deliver with the support of KM. It is often assumed, mistakenly, that managing knowledge simply pays off in the long term. These observations provide strong indication of the need for goal-oriented thinking in KM. This notion is reinforced by lessons learnt from a pilot KM initiative that follows conventional KM thinking and, ultimately, fails. In response, the Goal-Oriented Knowledge Management (GOKM) methodology is proposed, which focuses on organisational goals and combines various KM approaches according to context and objectives. GOKM is applied, evaluated and refined via three case studies at the Danwood Group, HSBC Bank and HBOS Bank. An overall evaluation of GOKM is presented, based on five key criteria (bottom-line results, added value, flexibility, usability and durability). In addition, the impact of GOKM in each participating organisation is measured against specific criteria that are set by senior management. The research has shown that GOKM has significant potential to be applicable in a wider context and this thesis makes a sizable contribution to the development of goal-oriented KM theory.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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