537 research outputs found
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum
New perspectives on A.I. in sentencing. Human decision-making between risk assessment tools and protection of humans rights.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate a field that until a few years ago was foreign to and distant from the penal system. The purpose of this undertaking is to account for the role that technology could plays in the Italian Criminal Law system. More specifically, this thesis attempts to scrutinize a very intricate phase of adjudication. After deciding on the type of an individual's liability, a judge must decide on the severity of the penalty. This type of decision implies a prognostic assessment that looks to the future. It is precisely in this field and in prognostic assessments that, as has already been anticipated in the United, instruments and processes are inserted in the pre-trial but also in the decision-making phase. In this contribution, we attempt to describe the current state of this field, trying, as a matter of method, to select the most relevant or most used tools. Using comparative and qualitative methods, the uses of some of these instruments in the supranational legal system are analyzed.
Focusing attention on the Italian system, an attempt was made to investigate the nature of the element of an individual's ‘social dangerousness’ (pericolosità sociale) and capacity to commit offences, types of assessments that are fundamental in our system because they are part of various types of decisions, including the choice of the best sanctioning treatment. It was decided to turn our attention to this latter field because it is believed that the judge does not always have the time, the means and the ability to assess all the elements of a subject and identify the best 'individualizing' treatment in order to fully realize the function of Article 27, paragraph 3 of the Constitution
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Sonic heritage: listening to the past
History is so often told through objects, images and photographs, but the potential of sounds to reveal place and space is often neglected. Our research project ‘Sonic Palimpsest’1 explores the potential of sound to evoke impressions and new understandings of the past, to embrace the sonic as a tool to understand what was, in a way that can complement and add to our predominant visual understandings. Our work includes the expansion of the Oral History archives held at Chatham Dockyard to include women’s voices and experiences, and the creation of sonic works to engage the public with their heritage. Our research highlights the social and cultural value of oral history and field recordings in the transmission of knowledge to both researchers and the public. Together these recordings document how buildings and spaces within the dockyard were used and experienced by those who worked there. We can begin to understand the social and cultural roles of these buildings within the community, both past and present
Bridging materiality and subjectivity:a militant research of commons expansion
Capital is reaching its own limits, and the ongoing and forthcoming social struggle will determine what comes next. A window of opportunity is thus opening to overcome capital as a social relation and build emancipatory alternatives that put social reproduction at the centre. Commons emerge as a promising alternative based on value practices such as cooperation, equality and solidarity; but simultaneously diverse and context dependent. Throughout my doctoral project I have exploreda critical question: how can commons and commoning practices expand in order to bring about an emancipatory post-capitalist transition? Far from being a mere intellectual concern, I have also addressed the question from a political perspective, which has led me to apply a militant research approach. Militant research is a situated and contingent practice that has allowed me to coproduce knowledge from within social struggles. However, it is also a very complex approach which has forced me to continuously navigate between conflicting positionalities as a militant and ascholar. The main theoretical foundation of my work lies on the theories of ‘boundary commoning’ and ‘expanding commoning’. Whereas they respectively prioritise materiality and subjectivity, I argue that both are crucial dimensions in commons expansion, and they need to be addressed simultaneously. As I have demonstrated, materiality and subjectivity reinforce each other and can potentially create positive feedback loops that fuel commons expansion. The dual proposal that I have advanced works as a conceptual model based on my militant experience, but can also be used as an analytical model, which has allowed me to explore several cases in the United Kingdom and Catalonia. These have provided empirical evidence that support my argument for commons expansion, but they have also led me to critical insights about the reproductive urban commons. I argue that the reproductive urban commons is a category of analysis subject to specific challenges and holding great transformative potential. Whereas their expansion is constrained by the particular characteristics of the city, they also have the capacity to build materialautonomy and prefigure emancipatory social relations. As the reproductive urban commons explored in this doctoral project have proved, a simultaneous concern about materiality and subjectivity has proved crucial in building a balance between subsistence and openness in the expansion of the emancipatory commons
Managing healthcare transformation towards P5 medicine (Published in Frontiers in Medicine)
Health and social care systems around the world are facing radical organizational, methodological and technological paradigm changes to meet the requirements for improving quality and safety of care as well as efficiency and efficacy of care processes. In this they’re trying to manage the challenges of ongoing demographic changes towards aging, multi-diseased societies, development of human resources, a health and social services consumerism, medical and biomedical progress, and exploding costs for health-related R&D as well as health services delivery. Furthermore, they intend to achieve sustainability of global health systems by transforming them towards intelligent, adaptive and proactive systems focusing on health and wellness with optimized quality and safety outcomes.
The outcome is a transformed health and wellness ecosystem combining the approaches of translational medicine, 5P medicine (personalized, preventive, predictive, participative precision medicine) and digital health towards ubiquitous personalized health services realized independent of time and location. It considers individual health status, conditions, genetic and genomic dispositions in personal social, occupational, environmental and behavioural context, thus turning health and social care from reactive to proactive. This requires the advancement communication and cooperation among the business actors from different domains (disciplines) with different methodologies, terminologies/ontologies, education, skills and experiences from data level (data sharing) to concept/knowledge level (knowledge sharing). The challenge here is the understanding and the formal as well as consistent representation of the world of sciences and practices, i.e. of multidisciplinary and dynamic systems in variable context, for enabling mapping between the different disciplines, methodologies, perspectives, intentions, languages, etc. Based on a framework for dynamically, use-case-specifically and context aware representing multi-domain ecosystems including their development process, systems, models and artefacts can be consistently represented, harmonized and integrated. The response to that problem is the formal representation of health and social care ecosystems through an system-oriented, architecture-centric, ontology-based and policy-driven model and framework, addressing all domains and development process views contributing to the system and context in question.
Accordingly, this Research Topic would like to address this change towards 5P medicine. Specifically, areas of interest include, but are not limited:
• A multidisciplinary approach to the transformation of health and social systems
• Success factors for sustainable P5 ecosystems
• AI and robotics in transformed health ecosystems
• Transformed health ecosystems challenges for security, privacy and trust
• Modelling digital health systems
• Ethical challenges of personalized digital health
• Knowledge representation and management of transformed health ecosystems
Table of Contents:
04 Editorial: Managing healthcare transformation towards P5
medicine
Bernd Blobel and Dipak Kalra
06 Transformation of Health and Social Care Systems—An
Interdisciplinary Approach Toward a Foundational
Architecture
Bernd Blobel, Frank Oemig, Pekka Ruotsalainen and Diego M. Lopez
26 Transformed Health Ecosystems—Challenges for Security,
Privacy, and Trust
Pekka Ruotsalainen and Bernd Blobel
36 Success Factors for Scaling Up the Adoption of Digital
Therapeutics Towards the Realization of P5 Medicine
Alexandra Prodan, Lucas Deimel, Johannes Ahlqvist, Strahil Birov,
Rainer Thiel, Meeri Toivanen, Zoi Kolitsi and Dipak Kalra
49 EU-Funded Telemedicine Projects – Assessment of, and
Lessons Learned From, in the Light of the SARS-CoV-2
Pandemic
Laura Paleari, Virginia Malini, Gabriella Paoli, Stefano Scillieri,
Claudia Bighin, Bernd Blobel and Mauro Giacomini
60 A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in
Transformed Health Ecosystems
Kerstin Denecke and Claude R. Baudoin
73 Modeling digital health systems to foster interoperability
Frank Oemig and Bernd Blobel
89 Challenges and solutions for transforming health ecosystems
in low- and middle-income countries through artificial
intelligence
Diego M. López, Carolina Rico-Olarte, Bernd Blobel and Carol Hullin
111 Linguistic and ontological challenges of multiple domains
contributing to transformed health ecosystems
Markus Kreuzthaler, Mathias Brochhausen, Cilia Zayas, Bernd Blobel
and Stefan Schulz
126 The ethical challenges of personalized digital health
Els Maeckelberghe, Kinga Zdunek, Sara Marceglia, Bobbie Farsides
and Michael Rigb
Predictive Monitoring against Pattern Regular Languages
In this paper, we focus on the problem of dynamically analysing concurrent
software against high-level temporal specifications. Existing techniques for
runtime monitoring against such specifications are primarily designed for
sequential software and remain inadequate in the presence of concurrency --
violations may be observed only in intricate thread interleavings, requiring
many re-runs of the underlying software. Towards this, we study the problem of
predictive runtime monitoring, inspired by the analogous problem of predictive
data race detection studied extensively recently. The predictive runtime
monitoring question asks, given an execution , if it can be soundly
reordered to expose violations of a specification.
In this paper, we focus on specifications that are given in regular
languages. Our notion of reorderings is trace equivalence, where an execution
is considered a reordering of another if it can be obtained from the latter by
successively commuting adjacent independent actions. We first show that the
problem of predictive admits a super-linear lower bound of , where
is the number of events in the execution, and is a parameter
describing the degree of commutativity. As a result, predictive runtime
monitoring even in this setting is unlikely to be efficiently solvable.
Towards this, we identify a sub-class of regular languages, called pattern
languages (and their extension generalized pattern languages). Pattern
languages can naturally express specific ordering of some number of (labelled)
events, and have been inspired by popular empirical hypotheses, the `small bug
depth' hypothesis. More importantly, we show that for pattern (and generalized
pattern) languages, the predictive monitoring problem can be solved using a
constant-space streaming linear-time algorithm
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