Language and Linguistics in a Complex World Data, Interdisciplinarity, Transfer, and the Next Generation. ICAME41 Extended Book of Abstracts

This is a collection of papers, work-in-progress reports, and other contributions that were part of the ICAME41 digital conference

Language and Linguistics in a Complex World Data, Interdisciplinarity, Transfer, and the Next Generation. ICAME41 Extended Book of Abstracts

This is a collection of papers, work-in-progress reports, and other contributions that were part of the ICAME41 digital conference

An examination of the physical and temporal parameters of post-physical printmaking practice: exploring new modes of collaboration, distribution and consumption resulting from digital processes and networked participation.

This research was initiated by questions raised from the researchers professional activities in fine art printmaking and examines, through contextualised artistic practice and critical enquiry, redefinitions in the physical and temporal parameters of digitally mediated fine art printmaking caused by developments in digital media; specifically the impact of digital culture, Web2.0, social networking, augmented and virtual reality. Grounded on critical contextual review the research explores, through contextualised research probes, the notion of post-physical practice and the impact of new modes of collaboration, distribution and consumption on contemporary printmaking. It includes the findings of an international, digitally mediated, participatory and collaborative exchange survey of contemporary digital print, developed through direct enquiry using social media as a research tool. Philosophical questions about the impact of eculture, post-physical working and new modes of print-based artistic practice were examined, as well as the indexicality of the print itself in augmented and virtual contexts. The research employs dynamic triangulation between critical contextual review and direct qualitative and practice-based research; to develop a taxonomy framing the contextual precedents of digital printmaking, pinpointing key markers of transition between traditional and new printmaking. It uses post-studio methods and explores the conception, production, editioning, collection and ownership of print in an increasingly networked digital age, providing proof of concept and exploring virtual immersive surfaces in printmaking. These lead to the development of new models for a second generation of printmaking practice or Printmaking2.0 expressly founded in post-physical practice in a poststudio context and embracing the lingua franca of contemporary digital practice in the production of born digital virtually imprinted forms. In both, the technical practice of post-physical printmaking and the significant artistic implications resulting from the cultural shifts following digital participation and post-physical embodiment

Improving cybercrime reporting in Scotland : a systematic literature review

Background: The UK system for reporting economic cybercrime is called Action Fraud (AF). AF has been found to prioritise high value and low volume crimes. Therefore, people who have been scammed out of less than £100 000 are less likely to have their crime investigated via AF. Consequently, Scotland severed its ties with AF and proceeded to develop its own systems for reporting low value and high-volume crimes. Another problem with AF was that its reports were inaccurate and incomplete. Interestingly, since the 1930s the compilation and investigation of crime reports has always suffered from inaccuracies and discrepancies. This pattern has not been reversed by rapid technological development. Instead, the trend is preserved, not just in the UK, but across the globe. Aim: An exploration of how to improve cybercrime reporting in Scotland was implemented via a systematic literature review the results of which will inform upcoming fieldwork. Due to the lack of data on Scotland, frequent extrapolations were conducted from both the UK and the West. The research questions were: 1. What is known about cybercrime in the UK to date? 2. What is known about cybercrime victims in the UK to date? 3. What is known about cybercrime reporting to date? Method and Analysis: The answers were retrieved by combining Boolean variables with keywords into Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest. This resulted in the inclusion of 100 peer-reviewed articles (after the exclusion of unsuitable ones). The articles were analysed using Inductive thematic analysis (ITA). The underlying principle of ITA is based on data immersion to identify the themes within. This analysis revealed a common trend, a novel taxonomy, and an original conclusion. Results: The common trend is that of responsibilisation, which is the shifting of responsibility for policing cybercrime from the government onto the citizens and private sector. For example, the government educating citizens about the risks of cybercrime and disengaging with them thereafter is a case of responsibilisation. This is because the government sees it as the victims’ responsibility to follow its advice. One problem of responsibilisation in cybercrime is that if one person is attacked, then many computers can become infected through their error. Therefore, the government should step-up to the task of protecting its citizens. The novel taxonomy is for classifying cybercrime reporting systems according to three pillars, which I referred to as Human-To-Human (H2H), Human-To-Machine (H2M) and Machine-To-Machine (M2M). The advantage of this classification is parsimony, the disadvantage is reductionism. The risk of reductionism applies specifically to crimes that sit in between pillars. Conclusion: To improve cybercrime reporting in Scotland, the process needs to be treated also as a social one rather than a purely mathematical one. This can be achieved by engaging with psychological principles of how emotionally charged social interactions are encoded into memory. Understanding memory will help the police record cybercrime reports in an effective way. This research will impact society because it serves as a foundation for fieldwork with victims of cybercrime and the police tasked with those investigations. The results of the upcoming fieldwork will serve to inform national guidance on how to improve the reporting of cybercrime, which will reduce it and give victims living in Scotland a sense of closure

Social Media in Social Work Education

Why a book about social media in social work education? The aim of this book is to bring together some important work which has been developed and already has an impact on social work education. Many of us, whether educators, practitioner or students, use social media to connect with our friends, peers, colleagues and our families. Harnessing the benefits of social media in an educational context brings many challenges and the authors of the chapters in this book have already begun to grapple with these and find solutions to these. How can you use Facebook safely with students to encourage them to critically reflect on their values and inform their intervention? What contributions does blogging make to social work education and how can writing a blog contribute to your own academic writing? What barriers are there for students to use social media in their learning journey? The projects discussed in this book illustrate creative approaches to social work education which provide the flexibility, and accessibility which students require

Scottish space sector and innovation: a PERIpatetic study of an emerging innovation system and the roles of innovation intermediaries

This thesis seeks a more effective understanding of Open Innovation (OI) and the available strategies for its development within (geographically–bound) sectoral systems of innovation (GSSIs). Theoretically, it draws upon the competing intellectual traditions (from innovation studies and from science and technology studies) with their different presumptions, which alternatively favour either macro-level positivist or micro-level interpretativist perspectives. These divides prevent a more holistic theoretical understanding of OI, and present a challenge to practitioners, who struggle to operationalise the theories’ insights. Hence, this thesis proposes a novel Practical Epistemology for Researching Innovation, i.e. the PERIpatetic Approach, which aims to integrate multiple theoretical and empirical perspectives for a flexible, problem-driven academic enquiry. This new framework for participatory action research is based on “abductive” theory development, which uses bottom-up empirical engagement to identify emergent challenges to state-of-the-art understanding. The research methodology put forward for this approach is centred on strategic ethnography of innovation, which combines multi-sited mixed-method research design, with constructive embeddedness in the field. The empirical focus of this thesis is on the emergence of the (New) Space Sector in Scotland - mainly made up of small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Here, miniaturisation and cheapening of core technologies and increased access to space data has been driving significant sectoral growth and diversification – which is of interest to entrepreneurs and politicians alike. I approached the field by being embedded within an active intermediary, which wanted to understand and respond to these trends and opportunities. Consequently, this thesis analyses the modelling of OI between macro-level trends and micro-level practices, through a focus on the activities and organisational behaviour of a network of SMEs and opportunities to support them through the work of innovation intermediaries. In its first part, the thesis analyses the UK/Scottish innovation policy in the Space Sector, exposing the dispersion of public investment, which is creating divergent clusters. These clusters attempt to integrate through the concept of “Agile Space” into a collaborative “Living Laboratory”, constructing new markets and developing products. Applying social network analysis and outlining a new concept of innovation moments, I focus on the structures at play within this integrative framing, identifying processes of organisational learning which develop structural absorptive capacity. Thus, I form an integrated multi-level perspective on a (geographically–bound) sectoral system of innovation (MLP-GSSI), which can be applied to other OI contexts and can be adapted for analysing other aspects of complex innovation systems. In the thesis’ second part, the analysis seeks to redress the lack of systemic understanding of the central role of innovation intermediaries, by developing new classification and prototypology of their interventions. To validate and operationalise this new model, I apply it to the network of innovation intermediaries in the Scottish (New) Space Sector. I further contextualise this insight through a detailed case study of two large investments in innovation intermediation in similarly positioned Space Sectors - examining the tension between business development and R&D support for OI-driven smart specialisation