Special Libraries, January 1922

Volume 13, Issue 1https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1922/1000/thumbnail.jp

The National Guard, the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, and the National Rifle Association: Public Institutions and the Rise of a Lobby for Private Gun Ownership

Today, the strength of the National Rifle Association (NRA) is understood by the general public and many scholars to be dependent on the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, the right of individuals to own firearms. This dissertation challenges that understanding by focusing on three organizations, the NRA, the National Guard and the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice (NBPRP). While each organization appears in today\u27s world to be distinct and independent, this dissertation reveals how they garnered strength from a symbiotic relationship. The NRA was founded in 1871, originally as a marksmanship organization. The National Guard, which grew from the nation\u27s militia, was formally established in the early twentieth century. The NBPRP was a small organization that was established in 1903 within the War Department at the encouragement of the NRA. Following passage in 1903 of legislation bringing state militia units under federal control, the newly formed National Guard became dependent on the NRA, which in turn leveraged that dependence to create a nationwide grassroots organization. The NBPRP was headed by the Assistant Secretary of War until 1916 when the position of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship was created, to be held by a U.S. Army or U.S. Marine Corps officer. The NRA acted as the surrogate of the NBPRB outside of the halls of government. At the same time, the NBRPB provided the NRA with a voice within those same halls that aided in the development of federal policy and budget positions related to firearms acquisition, competition, and training. The purpose of this dissertation is to reveal how the NRA was able to employ these two organizations to develop an exceptionally powerful grassroots organization that today is recognized as one of the most powerful special interest groups in America. Understanding how this powerful organization grew offers one perspective of how the bureaucracy that has been developed to support America\u27s federal system of government is uniquely susceptible to special interest influence

The First 125 Years : 1838-1963

The Medical College of Virginia (MCV) marked the 125th anniversary of its founding with a year-long celebration in 1963, culminating in the publication of The First 125 Years. Issued as hard- and soft-back publications in the college\u27s bulletin series, the 96-page photo history received many favorable reviews. The book is largely the work of Thelma Vaine Hoke, although she received no formal attribution on the cover or title page of the work. Hoke began her career at MCV in 1932 as secretary for college president William T. Sanger. Over the years she served as the college information bureau, publications director, records manager, and an instructor in the School of Hospital Administration. She earned the sobriquet majordomo, boss-ma\u27am, and factotum-at-large for the Medical College of Virginia from the Richmond News Leader at the time of her retirement in 1966. Hoke pulled photographs, letters, documents, reports, and publications for the book from a rich collection of historical materials gathered and preserved by James Ralph McCauley, who served as secretary-treasurer for the college and secretary for the Board of Visitors from 1902 until his death in 1950. McCauley had researched many aspects of the college\u27s history and left detailed notes that Hoke found invaluable while compiling The First 125 Years. MCV President Robert Blackwell Smith\u27s address to the Newcomen Society of North America on September 26, 1963 served as the books main historical narrative. Around this story Hoke placed photo captions, sidebars, contemporary documents, and short articles to present the college\u27s first full-length history. Col. John H. Heil, Jr., Secretary of the MCV Board of Visitors noted: This permanent record of the history of the institution is one which will be a frequent source for material and a constant reminder of the importance of MCV in the state and community.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/vcu_books/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Peace Palace The Hague, the Netherlands

The Commonwealth of Ravisia and the Republic of Alicanto have agreed to submit this dispute to the International Court of Justice pursuant to article 40(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (\u27Statute\u27) and in accordance with the Compromis notified to the Court on 15 September 2006. Pursuant to article 36(1) of the Statute, the Court has jurisdiction to decide all matters referred to it for decision

Santa Fe New Mexican, 09-11-1903

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sfnm_news/2752/thumbnail.jp

In Search of Helen Maria Chesnutt (1880-1969), Black Latinist

Classical scholars have begun to delineate the dynamic pattern of black classicism. This new subfield of the classical tradition involves the analysis of the creative response to classical antiquity by artists as well as the history of the professional training in classics of scholars, teachers and students in high schools, colleges and universities. To the first group belongs Helen Maria Chesnutt (1880-1969). Born in Fayetteville, NC, Chesnutt was the second daughter of acclaimed African American novelist, Charles W. Chesnutt (1858-1932). She earned her B.A. from Smith College in 1902 and her M.A. in Latin from Columbia University in 1925. She was a member of the American Philological Association and the Classical Association of the Middle West and South. Her life was spent teaching Latin at Central High School in Cleveland, OH. This is the first full scale account of her career

Pirates, Rogues, Revolutionaries, and Lobbyists: A Legislative History of the Panama Canal Purchase Act of 1902

Just three pages of legislative text was enough for the United States to embark on the one of the grandest engineering feats of all time. This Article examines the history, policies, and processes that led to the passage of the Panama Canal Purchase Act of 1902. Beginning and ending with civil wars in Latin America, this Article tells the story of how foreign affairs influence Washington, D.C., and vice versa. It follows closely a rotating cast of characters seeking fame and fortune who resorted to any lengths to achieve them. It winds through stories of revolutions, corruption, pirates, and cutthroat politics. In some ways, the passage of that law was as difficult as the engineering challenges faced by those tasked with constructing the canal. The Act itself faced a multitude of setbacks, referrals to committees, and calls for further study. Despite the intervening century, the final passage of this Act teaches us modern lessons for legislative design and advocacy

The Federal Fisheries Service, 1871–1940: Its Origins, Organization, and Accomplishments

The U.S. Fish Commission was initiated in 1871 with Spencer Fullerton Baird as the first U.S. Fish Commissioner as an independent entity. In 1903 it became a part of the new U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor and was renamed the Bureau of Fisheries, a name it retained when the Departments of Commerce and Labor were separated in 1912. The Bureau remained in the Commerce Department until 1941 when it was merged with the Biological Survey and placed in the Department of Interior as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It was a scientific agency with well conceived programs of action, and it provided knowledge, advice, and example to state governments and individuals with fisheries interests and needs. Its efforts were supported by timely international agreements which constituted the precedent for Federal interest in fishery matters. The Fisheries Service earned stature as an advisor through heavy emphasis on basic biological research. The lack of such knowledge was marked and universal in the 1870’s, but toward the end of that decade, strong steps had been taken to address those needs under Baird’s leadership. USFC research activities were conducted cooperatively with other prominent scientists in the United States and abroad. Biological stations were established, and the world’s first and most productive deepsea research vessel, the Albatross, was constructed, and its 40-year career gave a strong stimulus to the science of oceanography. Together, the agency’s scientists and facilities made important additions to the sum of human knowledge, derived principles of conservation which were the vital bases for effective regulatory legislation, conducted extensive fish cultural work, collected and disseminated fisheries statistics, and began important research in methods of fish harvesting, preservation, transportation, and marketing