1,178 research outputs found
An Interaction Model for Simulation and Mitigation of Cascading Failures
In this paper the interactions between component failures are quantified and
the interaction matrix and interaction network are obtained. The quantified
interactions can capture the general propagation patterns of the cascades from
utilities or simulation, thus helping to better understand how cascading
failures propagate and to identify key links and key components that are
crucial for cascading failure propagation. By utilizing these interactions a
high-level probabilistic model called interaction model is proposed to study
the influence of interactions on cascading failure risk and to support online
decision-making. It is much more time efficient to first quantify the
interactions between component failures with fewer original cascades from a
more detailed cascading failure model and then perform the interaction model
simulation than it is to directly simulate a large number of cascades with a
more detailed model. Interaction-based mitigation measures are suggested to
mitigate cascading failure risk by weakening key links, which can be achieved
in real systems by wide area protection such as blocking of some specific
protective relays. The proposed interaction quantifying method and interaction
model are validated with line outage data generated by the AC OPA cascading
simulations on the IEEE 118-bus system.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Power System
Modeling Fault Propagation Paths in Power Systems: A New Framework Based on Event SNP Systems With Neurotransmitter Concentration
To reveal fault propagation paths is one of the most critical studies for the analysis of
power system security; however, it is rather dif cult. This paper proposes a new framework for the fault
propagation path modeling method of power systems based on membrane computing.We rst model the fault
propagation paths by proposing the event spiking neural P systems (Ev-SNP systems) with neurotransmitter
concentration, which can intuitively reveal the fault propagation path due to the ability of its graphics models
and parallel knowledge reasoning. The neurotransmitter concentration is used to represent the probability
and gravity degree of fault propagation among synapses. Then, to reduce the dimension of the Ev-SNP
system and make them suitable for large-scale power systems, we propose a model reduction method
for the Ev-SNP system and devise its simpli ed model by constructing single-input and single-output
neurons, called reduction-SNP system (RSNP system). Moreover, we apply the RSNP system to the IEEE
14- and 118-bus systems to study their fault propagation paths. The proposed approach rst extends the
SNP systems to a large-scaled application in critical infrastructures from a single element to a system-wise
investigation as well as from the post-ante fault diagnosis to a new ex-ante fault propagation path prediction,
and the simulation results show a new success and promising approach to the engineering domain
An Initial Exploration of Spatial Spreading of Cascading Failure in an Electric Power System
Large blackouts typically involve the cascading outage of transmission lines. However, little is known about the overall patterns of cascading outages. This research processes and initially examines observed utility data to explore the spatial spreading of cascading failure. The utility data is combined from two different sources, one year of recorded transmission line outages and a description of the grid connections. This requires extensive work relating different descriptions of the same grid. An initial analysis of the statistics of the spreading is presented, and the potential and implications of a new statistical approach to cascade spreading is assessed
Dynamic instability of cooperation due to diverse activity patterns in evolutionary social dilemmas
Individuals might abstain from participating in an instance of an
evolutionary game for various reasons, ranging from lack of interest to risk
aversion. In order to understand the consequences of such diverse activity
patterns on the evolution of cooperation, we study a weak prisoner's dilemma
where each player's participation is probabilistic rather than certain. Players
that do not participate get a null payoff and are unable to replicate. We show
that inactivity introduces cascading failures of cooperation, which are
particularly severe on scale-free networks with frequently inactive hubs. The
drops in the fraction of cooperators are sudden, while the spatiotemporal
reorganization of compact cooperative clusters, and thus the recovery, takes
time. Nevertheless, if the activity of players is directly proportional to
their degree, or if the interaction network is not strongly heterogeneous, the
overall evolution of cooperation is not impaired. This is because inactivity
negatively affects the potency of low-degree defectors, who are hence unable to
utilize on their inherent evolutionary advantage. Between cascading failures,
the fraction of cooperators is therefore higher than usual, which lastly
balances out the asymmetric dynamic instabilities that emerge due to
intermittent blackouts of cooperative hubs.Comment: 6 two-column pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in
Europhysics Letter
Estimating the Propagation of Interdependent Cascading Outages with Multi-Type Branching Processes
In this paper, the multi-type branching process is applied to describe the
statistics and interdependencies of line outages, the load shed, and isolated
buses. The offspring mean matrix of the multi-type branching process is
estimated by the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and can quantify the
extent of outage propagation. The joint distribution of two types of outages is
estimated by the multi-type branching process via the Lagrange-Good inversion.
The proposed model is tested with data generated by the AC OPA cascading
simulations on the IEEE 118-bus system. The largest eigenvalues of the
offspring mean matrix indicate that the system is closer to criticality when
considering the interdependence of different types of outages. Compared with
empirically estimating the joint distribution of the total outages, good
estimate is obtained by using the multitype branching process with a much
smaller number of cascades, thus greatly improving the efficiency. It is shown
that the multitype branching process can effectively predict the distribution
of the load shed and isolated buses and their conditional largest possible
total outages even when there are no data of them.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Power System
Modeling Cascading Failures in Power Systems in the Presence of Uncertain Wind Generation
One of the biggest threats to the power systems as critical infrastructures is large-scale blackouts resulting from cascading failures (CF) in the grid. The ongoing shift in energy portfolio due to ever-increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) may drive the electric grid closer to its operational limits and introduce a large amount of uncertainty coming from their stochastic nature. One worrisome change is the increase in CFs.
The CF simulation models in the literature do not allow consideration of RES penetration in studying the grid vulnerability. In this dissertation, we have developed tools and models to evaluate the impact of RE penetration on grid vulnerability to CF. We modeled uncertainty injected from different sources by analyzing actual high-resolution data from North American utilities. Next, we proposed two CF simulation models based on simplified DC power flow and full AC power flow to investigate system behavior under different operating conditions. Simulations show a dramatic improvement in the line flow uncertainty estimation based on the proposed model compared to the simplified DC OPF model. Furthermore, realistic assumptions on the integration of RE resources have been made to enhance our simulation technique. The proposed model is benchmarked against the historical blackout data and widely used models in the literature showing similar statistical patterns of blackout size
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