Privacy Unraveling Around Explicit HIV Status Disclosure Fields in the Online Geosocial Hookup App Grindr

mHealth applications ("apps") must be searched for and downloaded prior to use, creating a potential barrier to uptake. Integrating health interventions into existing online social environments removes this barrier. However, little is known about the effects of linking sensitive health information to existing online identities. Our qualitative analysis of online comments (n=192) explores the user views of an HIV intervention integrated into the geosocial hookup app Grindr. We find some HIV positive users report keeping their status private to reduce their stigma exposure, whilst others report publicly disclosing their status to avoid being stigmatised by others. Where users keep their status private, we find concerns that social assumptions may develop around these non-disclosures, creating a privacy unraveling effect which restricts disclosure choice. Using Peppet's four proposed limits to privacy unraveling, we develop a set of descriptive conceptual designs to explore the privacy respecting potential of these limits within this context and propose further research to address this privacy challenge

Privacy Unraveling Around Explicit HIV Status Disclosure Fields in the Online Geosocial Hookup App Grindr

mHealth applications ("apps") must be searched for and downloaded prior to use, creating a potential barrier to uptake. Integrating health interventions into existing online social environments removes this barrier. However, little is known about the effects of linking sensitive health information to existing online identities. Our qualitative analysis of online comments (n=192) explores the user views of an HIV intervention integrated into the geosocial hookup app Grindr. We find some HIV positive users report keeping their status private to reduce their stigma exposure, whilst others report publicly disclosing their status to avoid being stigmatised by others. Where users keep their status private, we find concerns that social assumptions may develop around these non-disclosures, creating a privacy unraveling effect which restricts disclosure choice. Using Peppet's four proposed limits to privacy unraveling, we develop a set of descriptive conceptual designs to explore the privacy respecting potential of these limits within this context and propose further research to address this privacy challenge

“Support for the supporters”: a qualitative study of the use of WhatsApp by and for mentor mothers with HIV in the UK

Third-sector organizations, an important support for people living with HIV, increasingly use digital technology to improve service efficiency and reach. However, there is limited empirical evidence on this use by women living with HIV. The 4M Network (4MNet) is a peer-run UK-wide network of trained Mentor Mothers (MMs) living with HIV; it uses the WhatsApp platform as its primary digital communication tool. We report on a qualitative study about 4MNet MMs’ experiences of using WhatsApp, to inform the design of future digital support services. Seven telephone interviews were conducted with five MMs and two project management team (PMT) members in February 2019. Interviews were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). WhatsApp was found to have several key features that provided both positive and negative use considerations. WhatsApp eased communication among MMs and supported participation in group activities despite differing schedules and geographic locations. Challenges encountered with WhatsApp included: financial restrictions to data storage and continual access; self-confidence using technology; and security and privacy concerns. Peer-led digital communication is found to be acceptable and effective for women living with HIV. Understanding barriers and valued features of existing digital platforms increasingly used among potentially marginalized groups is vital for informing inclusive innovation

"Oops...": Mobile Message Deletion in Conversation Error and Regret Remediation

Message deletion in mobile messaging apps allows people to “unsay” things they have said. This paper explores how and why people use (or do not use) this feature within remediation strategies after a communication error is identified. We present findings from a multi-stage survey designed to explore people’s general experiences of the message deletion feature (N = 401), peoples’ experiences of using this feature during the remediation of an error (N = 70), and receivers’ perceptions around recent message deletions (N = 68). While people are typically aware of the deletion feature, it is infrequently used. When used, it is primarily done so to improve conversations by reducing confusion between conversation partners. We found people being aware of message deletions creating information-gaps which can provoke curiosity in recipients, causing them to develop narratives to help address the uncertainty. We found concerns amongst senders that these narratives would be of a negative nature, having an undesirable impact on how others perceive them. We use our findings to suggest ways in which mobile messaging apps could improve conversational experiences around erroneous and regrettable messages

Investigating the impact of the current issues affecting the sexual health of Australian young people

Background Although new technologies bring many benefits, there is also concern that sexting, internet pornography, meeting partners online and new contraceptive technologies may be fuelling the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. This thesis considers several current issues affecting Australians' sexual and reproductive health, focusing on young people. Methods Drawing on data collected during a national health survey conducted in 2012–13 among 20 091 participants aged 16–69, I investigate these topics using a whole population epidemiological approach. I also undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between sexual behaviours and exposure to sexually explicit websites (SEW) and sexting among young people. Results The systematic review included 14 cross-sectional studies; pooled findings linked some STI risk behaviours with exposure to SEW and sexting. However, several variables suggestive of being more sexually active or having a pre-existing interest in sexual activity also correlated with SEW and sexting exposure. Similarly, the strongest correlate of meeting a sexual partner online was higher sexual partner numbers. Analysis of contraception and condom use found that almost all (95%) of the women used a form of contraception at their last vaginal intercourse; however, only half (49%) were protected from STIs by condoms or dual contraception. Conclusions Interpreted collectively, the studies in this thesis tend to support the argument that individuals use new media platforms to satisfy their pre-existing interests. These findings underscore the nuanced and potentially nonlinear relationships between new technologies, STIs and unintended pregnancies among young people

"Oops...": : Mobile Message Deletion in Conversation Error and Regret Remediation

Message deletion in mobile messaging apps allows people to “unsay” things they have said. This paper explores how and why people use (or do not use) this feature within remediation strategies after a communication error is identified. We present findings from a multi-stage survey designed to explore people’s general experiences of the message deletion feature (N = 401), peoples’ experiences of using this feature during the remediation of an error (N = 70), and receivers’ perceptions around recent message deletions (N = 68). While people are typically aware of the deletion feature, it is infrequently used. When used, it is primarily done so to improve conversations by reducing confusion between conversation partners. We found people being aware of message deletions creating information-gaps which can provoke curiosity in recipients, causing them to develop narratives to help address the uncertainty. We found concerns amongst senders that these narratives would be of a negative nature, having an undesirable impact on how others perceive them. We use our findings to suggest ways in which mobile messaging apps could improve conversational experiences around erroneous and regrettable messages

Key to Kindness: Reducing Toxicity In Online Discourse Through Proactive Content Moderation in a Mobile Keyboard

Growing evidence shows that proactive content moderation supported by AI can help improve online discourse. However, we know little about designing these systems, how design impacts efficacy and user experience, and how people perceive proactive moderation across public and private platforms. We developed a mobile keyboard with built-in proactive content moderation which we tested (N=575) within a semi-functional simulation of a public and private communication platform. Where toxic content was detected, we used different interventions that embedded three design factors: timing, friction, and the presentation of the AI model output. We found moderation to be effective, regardless of the design. However, friction was a source of annoyance while prompts with no friction that occurred during typing were more effective. Follow-up interviews highlight the differences in how these systems are perceived across public and private platforms, and how they can offer more than moderation by acting as educational and communication support tools

Modern Socio-Technical Perspectives on Privacy

This open access book provides researchers and professionals with a foundational understanding of online privacy as well as insight into the socio-technical privacy issues that are most pertinent to modern information systems, covering several modern topics (e.g., privacy in social media, IoT) and underexplored areas (e.g., privacy accessibility, privacy for vulnerable populations, cross-cultural privacy). The book is structured in four parts, which follow after an introduction to privacy on both a technical and social level: Privacy Theory and Methods covers a range of theoretical lenses through which one can view the concept of privacy. The chapters in this part relate to modern privacy phenomena, thus emphasizing its relevance to our digital, networked lives. Next, Domains covers a number of areas in which privacy concerns and implications are particularly salient, including among others social media, healthcare, smart cities, wearable IT, and trackers. The Audiences section then highlights audiences that have traditionally been ignored when creating privacy-preserving experiences: people from other (non-Western) cultures, people with accessibility needs, adolescents, and people who are underrepresented in terms of their race, class, gender or sexual identity, religion or some combination. Finally, the chapters in Moving Forward outline approaches to privacy that move beyond one-size-fits-all solutions, explore ethical considerations, and describe the regulatory landscape that governs privacy through laws and policies. Perhaps even more so than the other chapters in this book, these chapters are forward-looking by using current personalized, ethical and legal approaches as a starting point for re-conceptualizations of privacy to serve the modern technological landscape. The book’s primary goal is to inform IT students, researchers, and professionals about both the fundamentals of online privacy and the issues that are most pertinent to modern information systems. Lecturers or teacherscan assign (parts of) the book for a “professional issues” course. IT professionals may select chapters covering domains and audiences relevant to their field of work, as well as the Moving Forward chapters that cover ethical and legal aspects. Academicswho are interested in studying privacy or privacy-related topics will find a broad introduction in both technical and social aspects

Some guys do, but that\u27s not me. Language use and the rejection of hegemonic masculinity.

Young men experience daily struggles to live up to an American ideal of masculinity that does not leave room for emotion, tenderness, and respect for their sexual partners – and they are beginning to reject this ideal outright. In this study I give young men the space and freedom to talk openly about sex in general and their sexual experiences in particular, with the goal of ascertaining how their talk illustrates and impacts their performance of masculinity. I employed a qualitative approach, including focus groups consisting of college men of all sexual orientations, and a comprehensive survey regarding their sexual experience. The focus groups were shaped by three primary questions: to whom do you talk about sex, what do you talk about when you talk about sex, and how do you talk about sex? I analyzed transcripts from the focus groups using sociolinguistics and narrative theory, and found that the participants feel restricted by hegemonic masculinity and constrained by societal expectations for their sexual behavior. The young men in this study express their frustration via their language, both with the words they use and those words they choose not to use. Of special importance in this study is a focus on men of color, and how their experience and their language are shaped by their exclusion from hegemonic masculinity. A deeper understanding of the ways in which young men talk about sex and thus how they perform masculinity within sexuality will allow us to have a better picture of the role of language and communication in their experiences as sexual beings. With an increased understanding of the experience of young men, we might be able to help young men to feel more open about expressing themselves, to lead healthier sex lives, and to reduce rates of non-consensual sexual activity