Semantic Surfaces for Business Applications

In this paper we introduce the concept of semantic surfaces – surfaces which are enhanced to provide additional information to the one visible, and are able to interact with the user. We consider several approaches to their implementation and in particular show the perspectives of the Cluster Pattern Interface (CLUSPI) technology developed and patented by one of the authors. Various business applications of semantic surfaces are outlined which illustrate the potential of the proposed concept

Forensic Imaging

At the microscopic level, printing on a substrate exhibits imperfections that can be used as a unique identifier for labels, documents and other printed items. In previous work, we have demonstrated using these minute imperfections around a simple forensic mark such as a single printed character for robust authentication of the character with a low cost (and mobile) system. This approach allows for product authentication even when there is only minimal printing (e.g. on a small label or medallion), supporting a variety of secure document workflows. In this paper, we present an investigation on the influence that the substrate type has on the imperfections of the printing process that are used to derive the character "signature". We also make a comparison between two printing processes, dry electro photographic process (laser) and (thermal) inkjet. Understanding the sensitivity of this approach is important so that we know the limitations of the approach for document forensics

Forensik Digital Berdasarkan Citra Mikroskop untuk Autentikasi Arsip Tercetak

Pembuktian keaslian arsip tercetak dari suatu printer merupakan suatu kebutuhan untuk menentukan keabsahan suatu produk teknologi informasi terutama untuk mesin cetak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan autentikasi arsip tercetak berdasarkan bentuk partikel toner yang menempel pada huruf tercetak dari setiap jenis dan merk printer. Studi ini menggunakan metode pendekatan forensik digital melalui citra digital mikroskop dari arsip tercetak yang dianalisis menggunakan FIJI/ ImageJ dengan pendekatan histogram dan dikombinasikan dengan analisis jumlah partikel huruf dari setiap merk printer. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dari setiap jenis printer untuk menentukan sumber arsip asli atau palsu yang dikeluarkan oleh suatu institusi atau lembaga tertentu

Использование количественных характеристик изображения документов для идентификации лазерных принтеров

The article provides a brief overview of the current state of the theory and practice of identifying laser printers and the results of research work aimed at discovering individual features of the printing mechanism of a laser printer.The author analyses the scheme of a laser printer, describes the printing cycle, presents the main results of the analysis of a printer’s mechanism and the influence of its individual parts on the optical density of printing. The method of assessment of the optical density of the print by the digital image of the printed document is proposed, the complex of the necessary technical and program tools is described.A hypothesis on the correlation between fluctuations in the optical density of printing of solid fills and fluctuations in the area of printed elements was put forward and confirmed; a visual representation of the study results in graphical form is presented, the relationship between the shape of the obtained graphs and defects of the printer’s components and parts is substantiated. The author proposes ways to detect the inhomogeneity of printing density on text arrays based on changes in the area of printed elements and processing of the results, which allows comparing distributions for texts printed in fonts of different sizes and styles. Based on experimental material, the individuality of the form of the obtained distributions and the possibility of their use as identifying features of the printing device are substantiated.В статье представлены краткий обзор современного состояния теории и практики идентификации лазерных принтеров и результаты исследовательской работы, направленной на поиск индивидуальных признаков печатающего механизма лазерного принтера.Рассмотрена схема лазерного принтера, дано описание цикла печати, изложены основные результаты анализа механизма принтера и влияния его отдельных деталей на оптическую плотность печати. Предложен метод оценки оптической плотности печати по цифровому изображению документа, разобран комплекс необходимых для этого технических и программных средств.Выдвинута и подтверждена гипотеза о корреляции между колебаниями оптической плотности печати сплошных заливок и колебаниями площади печатных элементов, предложено наглядное представление результатов исследования в графическом виде, обоснована взаимосвязь формы полученных графиков с дефектами узлов и деталей принтера. Предложены способы выявления неоднородности плотности печати на массивах текста по изменениям площади печатных элементов и обработки результатов, что позволяет сравнивать распределения для текстов, напечатанных шрифтами различного размера и начертания. На экспериментальном материале обоснована индивидуальность формы полученных распределений и возможность их использования в качестве идентифицирующих признаков устройства печати

Detecting Morphing Attacks through Face Geometry Features

Face-morphing operations allow for the generation of digital faces that simultaneously carry the characteristics of two different subjects. It has been demonstrated that morphed faces strongly challenge face-verification systems, as they typically match two different identities. This poses serious security issues in machine-assisted border control applications and calls for techniques to automatically detect whether morphing operations have been previously applied on passport photos. While many proposed approaches analyze the suspect passport photo only, our work operates in a differential scenario, i.e., when the passport photo is analyzed in conjunction with the probe image of the subject acquired at border control to verify that they correspond to the same identity. To this purpose, in this study, we analyze the locations of biologically meaningful facial landmarks identified in the two images, with the goal of capturing inconsistencies in the facial geometry introduced by the morphing process. We report the results of extensive experiments performed on images of various sources and under different experimental settings showing that landmark locations detected through automated algorithms contain discriminative information for identifying pairs with morphed passport photos. Sensitivity of supervised classifiers to different compositions on the training and testing sets are also explored, together with the performance of different derived feature transformations

Determination of Relative Age of Inkjet and Laser Printouts by CIE L*a*b* Color Space

Questioned documents are sometimes made to look old in order to make them appear genuine and age of a document should be promptly investigated in every possible manner. In this paper, a reliable, simple and effective method for determination of relative age of inkjet and laser printouts, kept in three different environmental conditions over a period of month time is reported. For this, their chromaticity values obtained from the absorbance and UV fluorescence spectra and the change in colour difference denoted as ?E*ab gave a significant correlation coefficient over time. The data obtained also illustrates possible chronological aging of printed text and ultimately explaining drying process. This enabled not only to analyse the studied material in a non-destructive manner but also to study the breakdown of colour and pigment present in toner/ink under different environmental conditions and in this way increases the possibility to distinguish them on account of time of printing