5 research outputs found

    Periodismo inmersivo y su vertiente social: la utilizaciรณn de la realidad virtual y el vรญdeo en 360ยบ en el panorama mediรกtico actual

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    [ES]La aplicaciรณn de la realidad virtual (RV) y del vรญdeo en 360ยบ para la elaboraciรณn de contenidos informativos ha abierto un nuevo camino de posibilidades a la profesiรณn periodรญstica. Este tipo de producciones, bajo la denominaciรณn de periodismo inmersivo, ofrece a los usuarios la posibilidad de sumergirse en el relato mediante la utilizaciรณn de cascos o gafas de RV. Tras una profunda revisiรณn teรณrica que llevarรก al lector a un viaje hacia el pasado hasta el origen de la tecnologรญa de la realidad virtual, esta tesis doctoral repasarรก los principales cambios experimentados en el รกmbito periodรญstico a raรญz de la irrupciรณn de Internet y de las tecnologรญas digitales; hasta llegar, finalmente, a la apariciรณn de los primeros proyectos de periodismo inmersivo. Mediante el anรกlisis de mรกs de 2.000 proyectos, este estudio busca realizar un acercamiento a este nuevo formato que utiliza la tecnologรญa de la realidad virtual y el vรญdeo en 360ยบ a fin de establecer diferentes modelos de anรกlisis que puedan servir a futuros investigadores a la hora de abordar este tipo de producciones

    ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก์ƒ๋‹ด์ „๊ณต),2019. 8. ๊น€๋™์ผ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ค‘๋… ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์˜จ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์ž„์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. DSM-5์™€ ICD-11์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ“ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ช…ํ•˜์— ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง(monitoring)์ด๋ž€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฐœ์ด ํ”ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ, ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ, ๋„๋ฐ• ๋“ฑ ์ค‘๋… ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์€ ๋ฌธ์ œํ–‰๋™ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋นˆ๋„, ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋“ฑ ๋‚ด๋‹ด์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ๋‚ด๋‹ด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Cole & Todd, 2013; Dihoff, Brosvic, Epstein & Cook, 2004; Riper et al., 2009; Larimer et al., 2012). ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ํก์—ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ ํ–‰๋™(target behavior)๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ , ์ง๊ด€์ , ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Gast & Spriggs, 2010; Miltenberger, 2016), ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ƒ ๋“ฑ ํ•™์Šต์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Paivio, 1969; Shepard, 1967). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ–‰๋™์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 102๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ 51๋ช…, ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ 30๋ช…, ๋ฌด์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ 21๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ „์ ํ™•์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ๋ ˆ์ „๋“œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ด 4์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ 4์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์  ํ™•์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ, ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„(Stage)๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ Stage 1 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, Stage 2 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” Stage 1 ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ(add-on effect)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„(Stage 3)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 4์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์ถ”ํ›„ 4์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฒ˜์น˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ด€๋ จ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1์  ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ โ€“4.212์ ์”ฉ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ค‘๋… ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์žฅ๋ฉด์— ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ–‰๋™์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‹ด์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ดˆ์„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ „์  ํ™•์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ดํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to find out whether the behavior monitoring, which has been widely used as a therapeutic intervention in the traditional addiction fields, can change gaming behavior. Playing game has become a universal phenomenon in our society, and naturally it has also caused side effects. The DSM-5 and ICD-11 are dealing with Internet gaming in depth. At the same time, it emphasizes the need for an approach that helps problematic users control over game use. In particular, college students who are now out of adolescence are not getting enough help to escape the problem of game addiction. Monitoring refers to a series of processes that provide information about their behavior and receive feedback from others, and these are based on interactions. In areas of addiction, such as substance, alcohol, and gambling, where relapse is common, monitoring techniques have been used to treat it. Monitoring was done in a way that interacted based on the client's status information, such as problematic behavior, frequency, personal health, and social functioning. When this monitoring was provided to the client, clinical effect existed (Cole & Todd, 2013; Dihoff et al., 2004; Riper et al., 2009; Larimer et al., 2012). Gaming time has a high correlation with game addiction and can be regarded as target behavior that requires a primary change such as a reduction of drug or smoking use. Besides, visual feedback, such as graphs, can show changes in behavior objectively, intuitively, and holistically (Miltenberger, 2016; Gast, & Spriggs, 2010), which can be effective in learning such as memory and recall (Paivio, 1969; Shepard, 1967). Therefore, in this study, the monitoring consisting of the gamers gaming time reporting and the researchers visual feedback on it helps to control the gaming time and game addiction level of experiment participants. The study was conducted on 102 university students including graduate students voluntarily trying to control over game behavior. The study consisted of 51 experimental groups, 30 comparative groups, and 21 untreated groups. For accurate time-to-use verification, only "League of Legend" game users could participate. The experiment was carried out for a total of 4 weeks. To observe their gaming behavior, the researcher confirmed the gaming time through the complete verification online site for an additional 4 weeks after the end of the experiment. The subjects were divided into experimental group with monitoring and visual feedback, comparison group with monitoring only, and untreated group with no treatment. The experiment was divided into three stages. In Stage 1, only the monitoring was provided to the experimental group and the comparison group. In Stage 2, the visual feedback was added while the experimental group monitoring was continued. The comparative group was provided with only the monitoring just like Stage 1. No treatment was provided at Stage 3. The results and implications of this study are as follows. First, it was confirmed that only providing for gaming time monitoring is effective in reducing gaming time in Stage 1. That is, the slope of the experimental group and the comparison group that provided monitoring changed significantly. These results indicate that providing neutral and simple information such as time usage can affect game behavior changes. Second, in Stage 2, graphical visual feedback is added to the experimental group. In this stage, the experiment group showed that the gaming time was maintained. On the other hand, the comparison group provided only monitoring increased gaming time significantly. In case monitoring was continuously provided, the gaming time gradually increases. However, when additional visual feedback was provided, the reduced gaming time was maintained in Stage 1. This shows that there is an add-on effect on visual feedback in monitoring intervention. Third, at Stage 3, when there was no intervention, there was no significant change in the gaming time in all groups. It has been confirmed that it lasted for 4 weeks while maintaining the gaming time changed for 4 weeks. Fourth, the level of self-control in experimental group did not affect gaming time. This means that it is effective in reducing the gaming time when monitoring is presented, regardless of participants self-control level. Fifth, game addiction scores of experimental group and comparison group were significantly decreased during experimental intervention. This means that the provision of monitoring can help to lower game addiction levels by changing game use-related behavior. Finally, there was a difference in initial game addiction score according to self-control score. The score of game addiction was significantly lower at -4.212 points as the self-control score increased by 1 point. This suggests that self-control affects game addiction and it is necessary to deal with self-control in a preventive way. The significance of this study is as follows. First, it applies the monitoring technique used in traditional addiction treatment to the game addiction field. Second, empirical data were collected through experiments and analyzed the data and prepared the scientific foundation that can be practically applied to the clients who have difficulty in the game behavior. Third, the additional effect of visual feedback added to monitoring and the effectiveness of online intervention may be a cornerstone of scientific intervention. Finally, designing a method for collecting reliable data by using a complete verification online site is considered to be a reference in future research design.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 10 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… 10 1. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 10 2. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 14 1) ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์š”์ธ 14 2) ์‚ฌํšŒยทํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ 22 3. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ๊ฐœ์ž… 24 1) ์ธ์ง€ํ–‰๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ 24 2) ํ–‰๋™์ฃผ์˜์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 28 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง 37 1. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 37 2. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋…๊ณผ ์กฐ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ œ(mechanism) 41 3. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” 48 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 51 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 51 1. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ •๋ณด 51 2. ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ๋ ˆ์ „๋“œ 52 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 53 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 53 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ์ • 55 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ 58 1. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ณ  58 2. ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒŒ์ž„์žฅ์•  ์ฒ™๋„ 59 3. ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ 60 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 60 1. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 60 1) ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 61 2) ์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 63 2. ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 66 1) ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 66 2) ์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 67 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 70 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 70 1. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 70 2. ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 73 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋‹ค์ธต๋ชจํ˜• 75 1. ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 75 1) ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 75 2) ์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 76 2. ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 80 1) ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 80 2) ์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจํ˜• 81 3. ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ 82 1) ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œ ๋ฐœ ์š”์ธ 83 2) ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฐฉํ•ด ์š”์ธ 86 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ 88 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 88 1. ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ–‰๋™ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ 88 2. ๊ฒŒ์ž„ํ–‰๋™ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ค‘๋… ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ 94 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 96 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 98 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 100 Abstract 126 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 130Docto

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