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    The impact of anthropogenic pollution on soil degradation at wide area of Bor City

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    Π—Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ основни ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ рСсурс ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρƒ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠΊΡƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ. Π‘Ρ€ΠΎΡ˜Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ процСса Ρƒ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ њСговС Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Π° самим Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ смањСњС продуктивности услСд ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ€ΡˆΠ°ΡšΠ° Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ…, Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈΡ… особина Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°. Од свих Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·Π°Π³Π°Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π°, Ρ‚Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ сС ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ супстанцама којС ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ посСбан Сколошки, биолошки ΠΈ здравствСни Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜, Π° ΡšΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρƒ Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°. Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ биолошки процСси Ρƒ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Ρƒ Ρ›Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ, мобилност ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ биорасполоТивост ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π°. Π•Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈ процСси су Π½Π°Ρ˜Ρ‡Π΅ΡˆΡ›ΠΈ ΡƒΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠΊ који Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π° (Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΄ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π΅ стСнС) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°ΡšΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ Сродибилност Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π° прСдставља отпорност Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌ процСсима. Π˜ΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Ρ˜Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° области ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ: Π’ΠΈΠ»Π²Π° ΠŠΠ°Π³Ρ€Π°, Π§ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠšΡƒΠΏΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΈ Π§ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠšΡƒΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π°, којС Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ комплСкс ΠΎΠ΄ 152.91 ΠΊΠΌ2, Π½Π°Π»Π°Π·Π΅ сС 10 ΠΊΠΌ сСвСрозападно ΠΎΠ΄ Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π°. Π£ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Ρ˜ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π³Π΄Π΅ јС заступљСна ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ°Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ јС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Ρ˜Π΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π° Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΠ΄ посСбног Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ˜Π° јС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡƒΡ‡Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ›Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π° Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡ‡ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡšΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, посСбно Π°ΠΊΠΎ сС ΡƒΠ·ΠΌΡƒ Ρƒ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΈΡ€ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΅ повишСнС годишњС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅ΡˆΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π° Ρƒ Π²Π°Π·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Ρƒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ° Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π° која сС простирС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° истраТиваном ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Ρ˜Ρƒ. ΠžΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ врСдности Π½ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡ‚Π°ΡšΠ° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π° (Π΅Π½Π³Π». background) јС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅ загађСности Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π° Ρƒ ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ€Ρƒ истраТиваног ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Ρ˜Π°, ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ Ρ‡ΠΈΡšΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ Π΄Π° гСолошки супстрат Ρƒ свом саставу Π²Π΅Ρ› ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’Π΅Π½Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π°. Π‘Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ Π·Π°Π³Π°Ρ’Π΅ΡšΠ° Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ сС ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ су индСкси Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρƒ стСпСна загађСности Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π°, Ρ‡ΠΈΡ˜ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠΎ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ гСопросторну Π΄ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π°Π³Π°Ρ’Π΅ΡšΠ°. 6 ДСфинисан јС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π» Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡƒΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡ™ΠΈΡˆΡ‚Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ мСђусобних ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜Π° Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ…, Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°...The soil as a basic natural resource has the main ecological and production function. Numerous natural and anthropogenic effects lead to a change in the balance of the soil process and its degradation, and consequently to a decrease in productivity due to the deterioration of the physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. Of all chemical contaminants, the harmful microelements are considered as substances that have special ecological, biological and health significance, and they can have the natural or anthropogenic origin. Physical, chemical and biological processes in the soil will determine the speciation, mobility and ultimately the bioavailability of microelements. Erosion processes are the most common cause leading to physical soil degradation and involve the erosion and undermining of the soil (and sometimes also the base rock) under the influence of surface swelling caused by water, while the soil erosion is the soil resistance according to the mentioned erosion processes. The Tilva Njagra, Coka Kupjatra and Coka Kurugu research area has 152.91 km2, and it is located 10 km northwest of the Bor City. In areas with the intensive exploitation of ores, such as the area of the Bor City, the study and monitoring of soil degradation is of particular importance, especially taking into account the excessive measured annual concentrations of certain harmful microelements in the air, as well as the wind rose which is it extends towards the research area. Determining of soil background is a necessary measure when assessing soil contamination within the research area since we can not estimate the anthropogenic impact due to the fact that the geological substance in its composition already has a certain amount of harmful microelements. The degree of pollution is defined by certain reference factors, such as the soil pollution indexes for estimating the degree of contamination, which can determine the pollution geospatial distribution and their intensity. 8 A conceptual model has been defined for total soil degradation based on interactions between physical, chemical and other influences..
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