66 research outputs found
Can Google searches help nowcast and forecast unemployment rates in the Visegrad Group countries?
Online activity of the Internet users has been repeatedly shown to provide a
rich information set for various research fields. We focus on the job-related
searches on Google and their possible usefulness in the region of the Visegrad
Group -- the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Even for rather
small economies, the online searches of their inhabitants can be successfully
utilized for macroeconomic predictions. Specifically, we study the unemployment
rates and their interconnection to the job-related searches. We show that the
Google searches strongly enhance both nowcasting and forecasting models of the
unemployment rates.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures, 3 table
Assessing the effect of advertising expenditures upon sales: a Bayesian structural time series model
We propose a robust implementation of the Nerlove--Arrow model using a
Bayesian structural time series model to explain the relationship between
advertising expenditures of a country-wide fast-food franchise network with its
weekly sales. Thanks to the flexibility and modularity of the model, it is well
suited to generalization to other markets or situations. Its Bayesian nature
facilitates incorporating \emph{a priori} information (the manager's views),
which can be updated with relevant data. This aspect of the model will be used
to present a strategy of budget scheduling across time and channels.Comment: Published at Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry,
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/asmb.246
Computational models of consumer confidence from large-scale online attention data: crowd-sourcing econometrics
Economies are instances of complex socio-technical systems that are shaped by
the interactions of large numbers of individuals. The individual behavior and
decision-making of consumer agents is determined by complex psychological
dynamics that include their own assessment of present and future economic
conditions as well as those of others, potentially leading to feedback loops
that affect the macroscopic state of the economic system. We propose that the
large-scale interactions of a nation's citizens with its online resources can
reveal the complex dynamics of their collective psychology, including their
assessment of future system states. Here we introduce a behavioral index of
Chinese Consumer Confidence (C3I) that computationally relates large-scale
online search behavior recorded by Google Trends data to the macroscopic
variable of consumer confidence. Our results indicate that such computational
indices may reveal the components and complex dynamics of consumer psychology
as a collective socio-economic phenomenon, potentially leading to improved and
more refined economic forecasting.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 13 table
A knowledge-intensive methodology for explainable sales prediction
Sales prediction in food market is a complex issue that has been addressed in the recent past with machine learning techniques. Although some promising results, an experimental work that we describe in this paper shows some drawbacks of the above mentioned data-driven method and habilitates the definition of a novel methodology, strongly involving a piori knowledg
Malware in the Future? Forecasting of Analyst Detection of Cyber Events
There have been extensive efforts in government, academia, and industry to
anticipate, forecast, and mitigate cyber attacks. A common approach is
time-series forecasting of cyber attacks based on data from network telescopes,
honeypots, and automated intrusion detection/prevention systems. This research
has uncovered key insights such as systematicity in cyber attacks. Here, we
propose an alternate perspective of this problem by performing forecasting of
attacks that are analyst-detected and -verified occurrences of malware. We call
these instances of malware cyber event data. Specifically, our dataset was
analyst-detected incidents from a large operational Computer Security Service
Provider (CSSP) for the U.S. Department of Defense, which rarely relies only on
automated systems. Our data set consists of weekly counts of cyber events over
approximately seven years. Since all cyber events were validated by analysts,
our dataset is unlikely to have false positives which are often endemic in
other sources of data. Further, the higher-quality data could be used for a
number for resource allocation, estimation of security resources, and the
development of effective risk-management strategies. We used a Bayesian State
Space Model for forecasting and found that events one week ahead could be
predicted. To quantify bursts, we used a Markov model. Our findings of
systematicity in analyst-detected cyber attacks are consistent with previous
work using other sources. The advanced information provided by a forecast may
help with threat awareness by providing a probable value and range for future
cyber events one week ahead. Other potential applications for cyber event
forecasting include proactive allocation of resources and capabilities for
cyber defense (e.g., analyst staffing and sensor configuration) in CSSPs.
Enhanced threat awareness may improve cybersecurity.Comment: Revised version resubmitted to journa
Exploring Interpretable LSTM Neural Networks over Multi-Variable Data
For recurrent neural networks trained on time series with target and
exogenous variables, in addition to accurate prediction, it is also desired to
provide interpretable insights into the data. In this paper, we explore the
structure of LSTM recurrent neural networks to learn variable-wise hidden
states, with the aim to capture different dynamics in multi-variable time
series and distinguish the contribution of variables to the prediction. With
these variable-wise hidden states, a mixture attention mechanism is proposed to
model the generative process of the target. Then we develop associated training
methods to jointly learn network parameters, variable and temporal importance
w.r.t the prediction of the target variable. Extensive experiments on real
datasets demonstrate enhanced prediction performance by capturing the dynamics
of different variables. Meanwhile, we evaluate the interpretation results both
qualitatively and quantitatively. It exhibits the prospect as an end-to-end
framework for both forecasting and knowledge extraction over multi-variable
data.Comment: Accepted to International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 201
- …