Predictable GPUs Frequency Scaling for Energy and Performance

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an important solution to balance performance and energy consumption, and hardware vendors provide management libraries that allow the programmer to change both memory and core frequencies. The possibility to manually set these frequencies is a great opportunity for application tuning, which can focus on the best applicationdependent setting. However, this task is not straightforward because of the large set of possible configurations and because of the multi-objective nature of the problem, which minimizes energy consumption and maximizes performance. This paper proposes a method to predict the best core and memory frequency configurations on GPUs for an input OpenCL kernel. Our modeling approach, based on machine learning, first predicts speedup and normalized energy over the default frequency configuration. Then, it combines the two models into a multi-objective one that predicts a Pareto-set of frequency configurations. The approach uses static code features, is built on a set of carefully designed microbenchmarks, and can predict the best frequency settings of a new kernel without executing it. Test results show that our modeling approach is very accurate on predicting extrema points and Pareto set for ten out of twelve test benchmarks, and discover frequency configurations that dominate the default configuration in either energy or performance.DFG, 360291326, CELERITY: Innovative Modellierung für Skalierbare Verteilte Laufzeitsystem

Power Bounded Computing on Current & Emerging HPC Systems

Power has become a critical constraint for the evolution of large scale High Performance Computing (HPC) systems and commercial data centers. This constraint spans almost every level of computing technologies, from IC chips all the way up to data centers due to physical, technical, and economic reasons. To cope with this reality, it is necessary to understand how available or permissible power impacts the design and performance of emergent computer systems. For this reason, we propose power bounded computing and corresponding technologies to optimize performance on HPC systems with limited power budgets. We have multiple research objectives in this dissertation. They center on the understanding of the interaction between performance, power bounds, and a hierarchical power management strategy. First, we develop heuristics and application aware power allocation methods to improve application performance on a single node. Second, we develop algorithms to coordinate power across nodes and components based on application characteristic and power budget on a cluster. Third, we investigate performance interference induced by hardware and power contentions, and propose a contention aware job scheduling to maximize system throughput under given power budgets for node sharing system. Fourth, we extend to GPU-accelerated systems and workloads and develop an online dynamic performance & power approach to meet both performance requirement and power efficiency. Power bounded computing improves performance scalability and power efficiency and decreases operation costs of HPC systems and data centers. This dissertation opens up several new ways for research in power bounded computing to address the power challenges in HPC systems. The proposed power and resource management techniques provide new directions and guidelines to green exscale computing and other computing systems