Energy-aware Ad Hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol and optimizing the blocking problem induced in wireless Ad Hoc networks

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate some of the issues related to routing and medium access control protocol in ad hoc networks. In routing protocol, the goal is to tackle the power consumption problem and to present a case for using new cost energy-aware metric for Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). The idea of the new cost metric is to be able to avoid routes with a low energy capacity. By using this approach, high efficiency in energy consumption can be achieved in Ad-Hoc networks. The second goal of this thesis was to investigate the blocking problem induced by Request-to-Send/Clear-to-Send (RTS/CTS) mechanism in detail and provide a solution to overcome that problem. To do so, a new parameter is proposed by which the Medium Access control (MAC) protocol will decide when to switch between RTS/CTS mechanism (the 4-way-handshaking) and the Basic Access method (the 2-way-handshaking) in order to reduce the effect of the blocking problem in Ad Hoc networks

Multicast routing strategy for SDN-cluster based MANET

The energy limitation and frequent movement of the mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) nodes (i.e., devices) make the routing process very difficult. The multicast routing problem is one of the NP-complete problems. Therefore, the need for a new power-aware approach to select an optimum multicast path with minimum power consumption that can enhance the performance and increase the lifetime of MANET has become urgent. Software defined network (SDN) is a new technique that can solve many problems of the traditional networks by dividing the architecture into data part and control part. This paper presents three power-aware multicast routing strategies for MANET. First one called a Reactive Multicast routing strategy for cluster based MANET by using SDN (RMCMS), second one called proactive multicast routing strategy for cluster based MANET by using SDN (PMCMS) and third one represents modification of PMCMS called M-PMCMS. Moreover, it produces a new mathematical model to build a multicast tree with minimum power consumption and takes into account the remaining power in each node. All proposed multicast strategies operate based on this mathematical model and aim to maximize the MANET lifetime by exploiting the advantages of SDN and clustering concepts. They consider the multicast tree with minimum power consumption as an optimal one. The simulation results illustrated that RMCMS is better than PMCMS, M-PMCMS, and MAODV in terms of power consumption and network overhead while M-PMCMS is the best one in terms of dropped packets ratio (DPR) and average end to end (E2E) delay

Performance improvement for mobile ad hoc cognitive packets network

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonIn this thesis, focusing on the quality of service (QoS) improvement using per-packet power control algorithm in Ad Hoc Cognitive Packet Networks (AHCPN). A power control mechanism creates as a network-assisted function of ad hoc cognitive packet-based routing and aims at reducing both energy consumption in nodes and QoS requirements. The suggested models facilitate transmission power adjustments while also taking into account the effects on network performance. The thesis concentrate on three main contributions. Firstly, a power control algorithm, namely the adaptive Distributed Power management algorithm (DISPOW) was adopted. Performance of DISPOW was compared to existing mechanisms and the results showed 27, 13, 9, and 40 percent improvements in terms of Delay, Throughput, Packet Loss, and Energy Consumption respectively. Secondly, the DISPOW algorithm was enhanced, namely a Link Expiration Time Aware Distributed Power management algorithm (LETPOW). This approach periodically checks connectivity, transmission power, interference level, routing overhead and Node Mobility in AHCPN. The results show that LETPOW algorithm improves the performance of system. Results show further improvement from DISPOW by 30,25,30,42 percent in terms of delay, packet loss ratio , path lengths and energy consumption respectively. Finally,Hybrid Power Control Algorithm (HLPCA) has presented is a combination of Link Expiration Time Aware Distributed Power management algorithm (LETPOW) and Load Power Control Algorithm (LOADPOW); deal with cross-layer power control applied for transmitting information across the various intermediate layers. LOADPOW emphasis on the concept of transmission Power, Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), and the suitable distance between the receiver and the sender. The proposed algorithm outperforms DISPOW and LETPOW by 31,15,35,34,44 percent in terms of Delay, Throughput, Packet Loss,path length and Energy Consumption respectively. From this work, it can be concluded that optimized power control algorithm applied to Ad-hoc cognitive packet network results in significant improvement in terms of energy consumption and QoS

Techniques to enhance the lifetime of mobile ad hoc networks

Devices in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are mostly powered by battery. Since the battery capacity is fixed, some techniques to save energy at the device level or at the protocol stack should be applied to enhance the MANETs lifetime. In this thesis, we have proposed a few energy saving approaches at the network layer, and MAC layer. First, we proposed a routing technique, to which the following metrics are built into: (i) node lifetime, (ii) maximum limit on the number of connections to a destination, and (iii) variable transmission power. In this technique, we consider a new cost metric which takes into account the residual battery power and energy consumption rate in computing the lifetime of a node. To minimize the overutilization of a node, an upper bound is set on the number of connections that can be established to a destination. The proposed technique is compared with AODV [1] and LER [2]. It outperforms AODV and LER in terms of network lifetime. Next, a technique called Location Based Topology Control with Sleep Scheduling (LBTC) is proposed. It uses the feature of both topology control approach in which the transmission power of a node is reduced, and power management approach in which nodes are put to sleep state. In LBTC the transmission power of a node is determined from the neighborhood location information. A node goes to sleep state only when: (i) it has no traffic to participate, and (ii) its absence does not create a local partition. LBTC is compared with LFTC [3] and ANTC [4]. We observed that the network lifetime in LBTC is substantially enhanced. A framework for post-disaster communication using wireless ad hoc networks is proposed. This framework includes: (i) a multi-channel MAC protocol, (ii) a node-disjoint multipath routing, and (iii) a distributed topology aware scheme. Multi-channel MAC protocol minimizes the congestion in the network by transmitting data through multiple channels. Multipath routing overcomes the higher energy depletion rate at nodes associated with shortest path routing. Topology aware scheme minimizes the maximum power used at node level. Above proposals, taken together intend to increase the network throughput, reduce the end-to-end delay, and enhance the network lifetime of an ad hoc network deployed for disaster response

Beaconing Approaches in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a type of wireless ad hoc network that facilitates ubiquitous connectivity between vehicles in the absence of fixed infrastructure. Beaconing approaches is an important research challenge in high mobility vehicular networks with enabling safety applications. In this article, we perform a survey and a comparative study of state-of-the-art adaptive beaconing approaches in VANET, that explores the main advantages and drawbacks behind their design. The survey part of the paper presents a review of existing adaptive beaconing approaches such as adaptive beacon transmission power, beacon rate adaptation, contention window size adjustment and Hybrid adaptation beaconing techniques. The comparative study of the paper compares the representatives of adaptive beaconing approaches in terms of their objective of study, summary of their study, the utilized simulator and the type of vehicular scenario. 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A Review of the Energy Efficient and Secure Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanismsComment: 15 page

On Energy Efficient Hierarchical Cross-Layer Design: Joint Power Control and Routing for Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, a hierarchical cross-layer design approach is proposed to increase energy efficiency in ad hoc networks through joint adaptation of nodes' transmitting powers and route selection. The design maintains the advantages of the classic OSI model, while accounting for the cross-coupling between layers, through information sharing. The proposed joint power control and routing algorithm is shown to increase significantly the overall energy efficiency of the network, at the expense of a moderate increase in complexity. Performance enhancement of the joint design using multiuser detection is also investigated, and it is shown that the use of multiuser detection can increase the capacity of the ad hoc network significantly for a given level of energy consumption.Comment: To appear in the EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Special Issue on Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network