Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the domain of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks. The essential premise of physical-layer security is to enable the exchange of confidential messages over a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers without relying on higher-layer encryption. This can be achieved primarily in two ways: without the need for a secret key by intelligently designing transmit coding strategies, or by exploiting the wireless communication medium to develop secret keys over public channels. The survey begins with an overview of the foundations dating back to the pioneering work of Shannon and Wyner on information-theoretic security. We then describe the evolution of secure transmission strategies from point-to-point channels to multiple-antenna systems, followed by generalizations to multiuser broadcast, multiple-access, interference, and relay networks. Secret-key generation and establishment protocols based on physical layer mechanisms are subsequently covered. Approaches for secrecy based on channel coding design are then examined, along with a description of inter-disciplinary approaches based on game theory and stochastic geometry. The associated problem of physical-layer message authentication is also introduced briefly. The survey concludes with observations on potential research directions in this area.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 303 refs. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.1609 by other authors. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 201

Security-reliability tradeoff analysis of artificial noise aided two-way opportunistic relay selection

In this paper, we investigate the physical-layer security of cooperative communications relying on multiple twoway relays using the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol in the presence of an eavesdropper, where the eavesdropper appears to tap the transmissions of both the source and of the relay. The design-tradeoff to be resolved is that the throughput is improved by invoking two-way relaying, but the secrecy of wireless transmissions may be degraded, since the eavesdropper may overhear the signals transmitted by both the source and relay nodes. We conceive an artificial noise aided two-way opportunistic relay selection (ANaTWORS) scheme for enhancing the security of the pair of source nodes communicating with the assistance of multiple two-way relays. Furthermore, we analyze both the outage probability and intercept probability of the proposed ANaTWORS scheme, where the security and reliability are characterized in terms of the intercept probability and the security outage probability. For comparison, we also provide the security-reliability tradeoff (SRT) analysis of both the traditional direct transmission and of the one-way relaying schemes. It is shown that the proposed ANaTWORS scheme outperforms both the conventional direct transmission and the one-way relay methods in terms of its SRTs. More specifically, in the low main-userto- eavesdropper ratio (MUER) region, the proposed ANaTWORS scheme is capable of guaranteeing secure transmissions, whereas no SRT gain is achieved by the conventional one-way relaying. In fact, the one-way relaying scheme may even be inferior to the traditional direct transmission scheme in terms of its SRT

Cooperative Secure Transmission by Exploiting Social Ties in Random Networks

Social awareness and social ties are becoming increasingly popular with emerging mobile and handheld devices. Social trust degree describing the strength of the social ties has drawn lots of research interests in many fields in wireless communications, such as resource sharing, cooperative communication and so on. In this paper, we propose a hybrid cooperative beamforming and jamming scheme to secure communication based on the social trust degree under a stochastic geometry framework. The friendly nodes are categorized into relays and jammers according to their locations and social trust degrees with the source node. We aim to analyze the involved connection outage probability (COP) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the performance in the networks. To achieve this target, we propose a double Gamma ratio (DGR) approach through Gamma approximation. Based on this, the COP and SOP are tractably obtained in closed-form. We further consider the SOP in the presence of Poisson Point Process (PPP) distributed eavesdroppers and derive an upper bound. The simulation results verify our theoretical findings, and validate that the social trust degree has dramatic influences on the security performance in the networks.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures, to be published in IEEE Transactions on Communication

Random linear network coding based physical layer security for relay-aided device-to-device communication

We investigate physical layer security design, which employs random linear network coding with opportunistic relaying and jamming to exploit the secrecy benefit of both source and relay transmissions. The proposed scheme requires the source to transmit artificial noise along with a confidential message. Moreover, in order to further improve the dynamical behaviour of the network against an eavesdropping attack, aggregated power controlled transmissions with optimal power allocation strategy is considered. The network security is accurately characterised by the probability that the eavesdropper will manage to intercept a sufficient number of coded packets to partially or fully recover the confidential message

Maximize resource utilization based channel access model with presence of reactive jammer for underwater wireless sensor network

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are vulnerable to jamming attacks. Especially, reactive jamming which emerged as a greatest security threat to UWSNs. Reactive jammer are difficult to be removed, defended and identified. Since reactive jammer can control and regulate (i.e., the duration of the jam signal) the probability of jamming for maintaining high vulnerability with low detection probability. The existing model are generally designed considering terrestrial wireless sensor networks (TWSNs). Further, these models are limited in their ability to detect jamming correctly, distinguish between the corrupted and uncorrupted parts of a packet, and be adaptive with the dynamic environment. Cooperative jamming model has presented in recent times to utilize resource efficiently. However, very limited work is carried out using cooperative jamming detection. For overcoming research challenges, this work present Maximize Resource Utilization based Channel Access (MRUCA). The MRUCA uses cross layer design for mitigating reactive jammer (i.e., MRUCA jointly optimizes the cooperative hopping probabilities and channel accessibility probabilities of authenticated sensor device). Along with channel, load capacity of authenticated sensor device is estimated to utilize (maximize) resource efficiently. Experiment outcome shows the proposed MRUCA model attain superior performance than state-of-art model in terms of packet transmission, BER and Detection rate

Two-path succesive relaying schemes in the presence of inter-relay interference

Relaying is a promising technique to improve wireless network performance. A conventional relay transmits and receives signals in two orthogonal channels due to half duplex constraint of wireless network. This results in inefficient use of spectral resources. Two-Path Successive Relaying (TPSR) has been proposed to recover loss in spectral efficiency. However, the performance of TPSR is degraded by Inter-Relay Interference (IRI). This thesis investigates the performance of TPSR affected by IRI and proposes several schemes to improve relaying reliability, throughput and secrecy. Simulations revealed that the existing TPSR could perform worse than the conventional Half Duplex Relaying (HDR) scheme. Opportunistic TPSR schemes are proposed to improve the capacity performance. Several relay pair selection criteria are developed to ensure the selection of the best performing relay pair. Adaptive schemes which dynamically switch between TPSR and conventional HDR are proposed to further improve the performance. Simulation and analytical results show that the proposed schemes can achieve up to 45% ergodic capacity improvement and lower outage probability compared to baseline schemes, while achieving the maximum diversity and multiplexing tradeoff of the multi-input single-output channel. In addition, this thesis proposes secrecy TPSR schemes to protect secrecy of wireless transmission from eavesdropper. The use of two relays in the proposed schemes deliver more robust secrecy transmission while the use of scheduled jamming signals improves secrecy rate. Simulation and analytical results reveal that the proposed schemes can achieve up to 62% ergodic secrecy capacity improvement and quadratically lower intercept and secrecy outage probabilities if compared to existing schemes. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the proposed TPSR schemes are able to deliver performance improvement in terms of throughput, reliability and secrecy in the presence of IRI