16,306 research outputs found
The opaque square
The problem of finding small sets that block every line passing through a
unit square was first considered by Mazurkiewicz in 1916. We call such a set
{\em opaque} or a {\em barrier} for the square. The shortest known barrier has
length . The current best lower
bound for the length of a (not necessarily connected) barrier is , as
established by Jones about 50 years ago. No better lower bound is known even if
the barrier is restricted to lie in the square or in its close vicinity. Under
a suitable locality assumption, we replace this lower bound by ,
which represents the first, albeit small, step in a long time toward finding
the length of the shortest barrier. A sharper bound is obtained for interior
barriers: the length of any interior barrier for the unit square is at least . Two of the key elements in our proofs are: (i) formulas established
by Sylvester for the measure of all lines that meet two disjoint planar convex
bodies, and (ii) a procedure for detecting lines that are witness to the
invalidity of a short bogus barrier for the square.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure
Distribution of discontinuous mudstone beds within wave-dominated shallow-marine deposits : Star Point Sandstone and Blackhawk Formation, Eastern Utah
Acknowledgements Funding for this study was provided from the Research Council of Norway through the Petromaks project 193059 and the FORCE Safari Project. The lidar data was collected by Julien Vallet and Samuel Pitiot of Helimap Systems SA. Riegl LMS GmbH is acknowledged for software support. The first author would like to thank Oliver Severin Tynes for assistance in the field. Tore Grane Klausen and Gijs Allard Henstra are thanked for invaluable discussions. The authors would also like to thank Janok Bhattacharya, Cornel Olariu and one anonymous revier for their insightful comments which improved this paper, and Frances Witehurst for his editorial comments.Peer reviewedPostprin
Finite-Temperature Transition into a Power-Law Spin Phase with an Extensive Zero-Point Entropy
We introduce an generalization of the frustrated Ising model on a
triangular lattice. The presence of continuous degrees of freedom stabilizes a
{\em finite-temperature} spin state with {\em power-law} discrete spin
correlations and an extensive zero-point entropy. In this phase, the unquenched
degrees of freedom can be described by a fluctuating surface with logarithmic
height correlations. Finite-size Monte Carlo simulations have been used to
characterize the exponents of the transition and the dynamics of the
low-temperature phase
Celeste is PSPACE-hard
We investigate the complexity of the platform video game Celeste. We prove
that navigating Celeste is PSPACE-hard in five different ways, corresponding to
different subsets of the game mechanics. In particular, we prove the game
PSPACE-hard even without player input.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Presented at 23rd Thailand-Japan Conference on
Discrete and Computational Geometry, Graphs, and Game
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