1,308 research outputs found

    The topology of competitively constructed graphs

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    We consider a simple game, the kk-regular graph game, in which players take turns adding edges to an initially empty graph subject to the constraint that the degrees of vertices cannot exceed kk. We show a sharp topological threshold for this game: for the case k=3k=3 a player can ensure the resulting graph is planar, while for the case k=4k=4, a player can force the appearance of arbitrarily large clique minors.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

    On Hardness of the Joint Crossing Number

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    The Joint Crossing Number problem asks for a simultaneous embedding of two disjoint graphs into one surface such that the number of edge crossings (between the two graphs) is minimized. It was introduced by Negami in 2001 in connection with diagonal flips in triangulations of surfaces, and subsequently investigated in a general form for small-genus surfaces. We prove that all of the commonly considered variants of this problem are NP-hard already in the orientable surface of genus 6, by a reduction from a special variant of the anchored crossing number problem of Cabello and Mohar

    Handling Handles: Nonplanar Integrability in N=4\mathcal{N}=4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory

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    We propose an integrability setup for the computation of correlation functions of gauge-invariant operators in N=4\mathcal{N}=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at higher orders in the large NcN_{\text{c}} genus expansion and at any order in the 't Hooft coupling gYM2Ncg_{\text{YM}}^2N_{\text{c}}. In this multi-step proposal, one polygonizes the string worldsheet in all possible ways, hexagonalizes all resulting polygons, and sprinkles mirror particles over all hexagon junctions to obtain the full correlator. We test our integrability-based conjecture against a non-planar four-point correlator of large half-BPS operators at one and two loops.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; v2: updated references, typos, minor improvements (published version

    On building 4-critical plane and projective plane multiwheels from odd wheels

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    We build unbounded classes of plane and projective plane multiwheels that are 4-critical that are received summing odd wheels as edge sums modulo two. These classes can be considered as ascending from single common graph that can be received as edge sum modulo two of the octahedron graph O and the minimal wheel W3. All graphs of these classes belong to 2n-2-edges-class of graphs, among which are those that quadrangulate projective plane, i.e., graphs from Gr\"otzsch class, received applying Mycielski's Construction to odd cycle.Comment: 10 page
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