A secured data hiding using affine transformation in video steganography

Network security is the most essential aspect of information technology among today’s emerging digital technologies which demands secured communication of information. In this digital network, it is essential to secure the data from intruders and unauthorized receivers. Steganography plays a vital role in secure transmission of data. This paper proposes a steganography method to hide data using affine transformation technique. The secret data are embedded in the coefficients of integer wavelet transform of the video frames. While embedding, the pixel values are distributed using affine transformation. The proposed method has been tested on many input data and the performance is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results indicate the enhanced capability of the proposed method that can ensure imperceptible distortions with minimum computational cost in terms of PSNR factor over the existing methods

Pictorial Recognition of Objects Employing Affine Invariance in the Frequency Domain

This paper describes an efficient approach to pose invariant pictorial object recognition employing spectral signatures of image patches that correspond to object surfaces which are roughly planar. Based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the affine transform is decomposed into slant, tilt, swing, scale and 2D translation. Unlike previous log-polar representations which were not invariant to slant (i.e. foreshortening only in one direction), our log-log sampling configuration in the frequency domain yields complete affine invariance. The images are preprocessed by a novel model based segmentation scheme that detects and segments objects that are affine-similar to members of a model set of basic geometric shapes. The segmented objects are then recognized by their signatures using multi-dimensional indexing in a pictorial dataset represented in the frequency domain. Experimental results with a dataset of 26 models show 100% recognition rates in a wide range of 3D pose parameters and ..

Advanced eddy current test signal analysis for steam generator tube defect classification and characterization

Eddy Current Testing (ECT) is a Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) technique that is widely used in power generating plants (both nuclear and fossil) to test the integrity of heat exchanger (HX) and steam generator (SG) tubing. Specifically for this research, laboratory-generated, flawed tubing data were examined The tubing data were acquired from the EPRI NDE Center, Charlotte, NC. The data are catalogued in the Performance Demonstration Database (POD) which is used as a training manual for certification. The specific subset of the data used in this dissertation has an Examination Technique Specification Sheet (ETSS) and a blueprint of the flawed tube specimens. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop and implement an automated method for the classification and an advanced characterization of defects in HX and SG tubing. These two improvements enhanced the robustness of characterization as compared to traditional bobbin-coil ECT data analysis methods. A more robust classification and characterization of the tube flaw insitu (while the SG is on-line but not when the plant is operating), should provide valuable information to the power industry. The following is a summary of the original contributions of this dissertation research. 1. Development of a feature extraction program acquiring relevant information from both the mixed, absolute and differential ECTD Flaw Signal (ECTDFS). 2. Application of the Continuous Wavelet Transformation (CWT) to extract more information from the mixed, complex differential ECTDFS. 3. Utilization of Image Processing (IP) techniques to extract the information contained in the generated CWT. 4. Classification of the ECTDFSs, using the compressed feature vector and a Bayes classification system. 5. Development of an upper bound for the probability of classification error, using the Bhattacharyya distance, for the Bayesian classification. 6. Tube defect characterization based on the classified flaw-type to enhance characterization 7. Development of a diagnostic software system EddyC and user\u27s guide. The important results of the application of the method are listed. The CWT contains at least enough information to correctly classify the flaws 64% of the time using the IP features. The Bayes classification system, using only the CWT generated features (after PCA compression), correctly identified 64% of the ECTD flaws. The Bayes classification system correctly identified 7 5% of the ECTD flaws using cross validation utilizing all the generated features after PCA compression. Initial template matching results (from the PDD database) yielded correct classification of 69%. The B-distances parallel and bound the percent misclassified cases. The calculated B-distance for 15 PCs were O and 14.22% bounding the 1.1% incorrectly classified. But, these Gaussian-based calculated B-distances may be inaccurate due to non-Gaussian features. The number of outliers seems to have an inverse relationship with the number of misclassifications. Characterization yielded an average error of 12.76 %. This excluded the results from flaw-type 1 (Thinning). The following are the conclusions reached from this research. A feature extraction program acquiring relevant information from both the mixed, absolute and differential data was successfully implemented. The CWT was utilized to extract more information from the mixed, complex differential data. Image Processing techniques used to extract the information contained in the generated CWT, classified the data with a high success rate. The data were accurately classified, utilizing the compressed feature vector and using a Bayes classification system. An estimation of the upper bound for the probability of error, using the Bhattacharyya distance, was successfully applied to the Bayesian classification. The classified data were separated according to flaw-type (classification) to enhance characterization. The characterization routine used dedicated, flaw-type specific ANNs that made the characterization of the tube flaw more robust. The inclusion of outliers may help complete the feature space so that classification accuracy is increased. Given that the eddy current test signals appear very similar, there may not be sufficient information to make an extremely accurate (\u3e 95%) classification or an advanced characterization using this system. It is necessary to have a larger database fore more accurate system learning