Developing the j-QAF e-Learning Application for Children on Islam Obligatory Duties (Fardhu Ain) under the Topic 'Ibadat'

Computer Aided Learning (CAL) has becomes the learning style at school and high institution. If before this, teachers used blackboard and text book, but nowadays teachers has been exposed with computer as an effective and interesting way. In Malaysia, utilization of computer was started in 1966, as long as it introduce,government try to apply it various field such as business, education, and life. Much effort has been done by government to increase the student skill in computer. In 1980’s, government was introduce computer club through the co curriculum activity at schools. In RMK-9, smart school project has been introduced by stages. It include three things, which is ICT hardware that supply to school, specific software and system application and also guidance for school admin, teacher, parent and community places. Learning through e-learning has been used at whole school in Malaysia either through CD ROM or online e-learning. The objective of this research is to help children understand the “ibadat” topic via j-QAF e-learning application. j-QAF e-learning application is developed by using dual coding theory by Paivio 1986,working memory theory by Baddley 1992 and cognitive load theory by Chanddler & Sweller 1991. In fact of design, multimedia learning theory by Richard Mayer has been used to make sure design of e-learning can be understood by children. All the theory are related each other to develop the j-QAF e-learning application. Dual coding theory explain that human brain in analyst information used two ways which is human’s process information through dual channels, one auditory and the other visual. So based on this theory, researcher has been developed e-learning with included two elements which is visual and verbal (auditory). It because according working memory theory human brain can actively process during learning process.But human brain can’t accept all the information that has been presented. So cognitive load theory has been used to assess that amount of information is limited to be process. Based on the three theories, so multimedia learning theory by Richard Mayer has been developed which is multimedia principle, spatial contiguity principle, temporal contiguity principle, Coherence Principle, Modality Principle,Redundancy Principle, and Individual Differences Principles which can balance the human brain. Evaluation session has been done at Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Kupang

Designing Interfaces for Faster Information Processing: Examination of the Effectiveness of Using Multiple Information Cues

One of the problems studied in human-computer interaction (HCI) research is the design of interfaces that improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on prior research findings this study proposes that information selection can be improved by using multiple, supplementary cues to encode information in interface design. The research is motivated by cue-summation theory. Color and information location are proposed as relevant, supplementary cues that can improve processing performance by enhancing the reliance on a fast and automatic associative processing. Most prior studies examining the benefits of color have not controlled for information location. Our study describes a laboratory experiment in which both color and information location are employed as supplementary cues in a customer account management application. The results suggest that color and location cues significantly improve information selection and processing speed, along with user satisfaction, with the best results obtained when both cues are used

Systemizing Colour for Conceptual Modeling

Colour is used in many conceptual models and is discussed intensively since MOODY has published his ‘Physics of Notation’. Yet, choosing the right colour for a construct is difficult but crucial. Using a colour for a certain construct which is not appropriate can lead to visual stress as well as too much or too little emphasis on that construct. The aim of this paper is to give a systematization of colour for conceptual modeling by reviewing theories of colour vision, colour harmony and visual attention. Based on this review we provide colour combinations for different conceptual modeling colour scenarios

The effects of color contrast on performance of the WAIS-R digit symbol subtest

Color contrast has been shown to aid in visual search tasks using electronic displays, while the research regarding the usefulness of color contrast in aiding visual search using a paper medium is mixed. The present study questions whether subjects’ performance will improve on a paper task where the search target is in high color contrast when compared with a task where the target color does not differ from the rest of the search field. Thirty-nine adults with normal vision were administered two forms of the WAIS-R digit symbol subtest, one with low chromatic contrast and one with high chromatic contrast, in a within-subjects design. No significant difference was found in performance on the two tasks. Explanations offered for these results include the effects of surround luminance, contrast of saturation, and short-term visual memory

Supporting end-user understanding of classification errors: Visualization and usability issues

Classifiers are applied in many domains where classification errors have significant implications. However, end-users may not always understand the errors and their impact, as error visualizations are typically designed for experts and for improving classifiers. We discuss the specific needs of classifiers’ end-users and a simplified visualization, called Classee, designed to address them. We evaluate this design with users from three levels of expertise, and compare it with ROC curves and confusion matrices. We identify key difficulties with understanding the classification errors, and how visualizations addressed or aggravated them. The main issues concerned confusions of the actual and predicted classes (e.g., confusion of False Positives and False Negatives). The machine learning terminology, complexity of ROC curves, and symmetry of confusion matrices aggravated the confusions. The Classee visualization reduced the difficulties by using several visual features to clarify the actual and predicted classes, and more tangible metrics and representation. Our results contribute to supporting end-users’ understanding of classification errors, and informed decisions when choosing or tuning classifiers

Creating harmonious and legible colour schemes in the automated generation of multimedia presentations

Due to the growing amount of information on the web, the user specific requirements and different characteristics of output devices, the opportunities for the automatic generation of multimedia presentations grow. The multimedia presentation generator, that resides in a dynamic environment, such as a museum website, where the user requirements, presentation device characteristics, presentation content and the domain characteristics are not known in advance, needs to be able to compose a presentation. With respect to stylistic design, graphic designers can create a template providing stylistic aspects, but as soon as any of the dynamic attributes of the system change this can result in the need for redesign. We argue that with the correct balance between form and function and by using relevant aspects of design theory, the automatic presentation generator can keep harmony and legibility factors in balance. The aim of this work is to demonstrate this approach on the example of automatic colour design with the use of colour theory from Itten and Tufte. By taking required legibility factors into account, harmonious and well balanced colour schemes, adapted to the requirements of the user, the characteristics of the presentation platform, the content's domain and discourse model can be created. We apply our approach to the domain of presentation environments for musea for fine arts

Overview Report: Normal and Emergency Operation Visualization

This is an overview report to document and illustrate methods used in a project entitled “Normal and Emergency Operations Visualization” for a utility company, conducted in 2009-2010 timeframe with funding from the utility company and the U.S. Department of Energy. The original final report (about 180 pages) for the project is not available for distribution because it alludes to findings that assessed the design of an operational system that contained proprietary information; this abridged version contains descriptions of methods and some findings to illustrate the approach used, while avoiding discussion of sensitive or proprietary information. The client has approved this abridged version of the report for unlimited distribution to give researchers and collaborators the benefit of reviewing the research concepts and methods that were applied in this study

It Walks Like a Duck, Talks Like a Duck, . . . But Is It a Duck? Making Sense of Substantial Similarity Law as It Applies to User Interfaces

This Comment recommends how courts should apply the substantial similarity analysis to user interfaces. Specifically, this Comment (1) delineates the state of the law in the Ninth Circuit and explains how the recent changes should be interpreted with respect to user interfaces; (2) establishes an analytic framework for evaluating proposed substantial similarity tests through the enumeration of a set of goals specific to user interfaces; and (3) uses this analytic framework to evaluate and endorse a test that applies traditional copyright doctrine to a logical and consistent manner