Theoretical petrology

The central issues in petrology have remained remarkably unchanged in the last 50 years. In igneous petrology, the focus is on understanding the nature and cause of diversity in igneous rocks: on identifying primary magma types and constraints on the compositional and mineralogical characteristics, the physical conditions, and the evolutions of their source regions and on establishing the processes by which derivative magmas evolve from primary magmas. In metamorphic petrology, the major concern is with understanding the conditions and processes experienced by a rock in reaching its present state. In both igneous and metamorphic petrology, the ultimate goal is the integration of petrological constraints with those from other branches of earth science into regional and global theories of earth history. What has changed over the years, however, is the framework within which these issues are addressed: the backdrop provided by plate tectonics and geophysical constraints, the growing sophistication of chemical and physical models of rock systems, the ever increasing inputs from trace element and isotopic geochemistry, the sophistication and complexity of experimental approaches to petrological problems, and the growing body of detailed petrological studies of specific rock suites and associations from all over the world. What I will attempt in this report is to pinpoint and briefly review those areas of growing interest and emphasis in American efforts in petrology during the 1975–1978 quadrennium and the ways in which they were shaped by this framework

Northwest Africa 5790. Top Sequence of the Nakhlite Pile

NWA 5790 is a recently discovered nakhlite. Its mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry suggest that it is the topmost sequence of the nakhlite lava pile

The airborne lava-seawater interaction plume at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Petrology igneous metamorphic and volcanic studies; medm0

Towards OWL-based Knowledge Representation in Petrology

This paper presents our work on development of OWL-driven systems for formal representation and reasoning about terminological knowledge and facts in petrology. The long-term aim of our project is to provide solid foundations for a large-scale integration of various kinds of knowledge, including basic terms, rock classification algorithms, findings and reports. We describe three steps we have taken towards that goal here. First, we develop a semi-automated procedure for transforming a database of igneous rock samples to texts in a controlled natural language (CNL), and then a collection of OWL ontologies. Second, we create an OWL ontology of important petrology terms currently described in natural language thesauri. We describe a prototype of a tool for collecting definitions from domain experts. Third, we present an approach to formalization of current industrial standards for classification of rock samples, which requires linear equations in OWL 2. In conclusion, we discuss a range of opportunities arising from the use of semantic technologies in petrology and outline the future work in this area.Comment: 10 pages. The paper has been accepted by OWLED2011 as a long presentatio

Astrogeologic studies - Summary Annual progress report, 1 Jul. 1964 - 1 Jul. 1965

Geologic mapping of lunar surface, crater phenomenology, and petrology of extraterrestrial materia

Bringing the Field into the Classroom by Using Dynamic Digital Maps to Engage Undergraduate Students in Petrology Research

This article describes the use of Dynamic Digital Maps (DDMs) in undergraduate petrology courses. A DDM is a stand-alone computer program that presents interactive geologic maps, digital images, movies, animations, text and data. DDMs were developed for use in two undergraduate research projects, and impacts on student learning were evaluated by administering assessments on students before and after participation in one of the projects. Researchers found significant gains in both students' confidence in their ability to do research and to understand petrology, and noted that DDMs are versatile and can potentially be adapted effectively from 100-level introductory geology labs to research-oriented gradute level courses and in a variety of geologic subdisciplines. Educational levels: Graduate or professional, Graduate or professional

Pyroxenes and olivines in crystalline rocks from ocean of storms

Determination of petrology and deformational state of pyroxenes and olivines in lunar rocks returned by Apollo 12 fligh

Petrology and geochemistry of the NWA 3368 Eucrite

We report the petrology and geochemistry of NWA 3368, a new non-cumulate, monomict eucrite breccia with a variety of clast sizes and a pink-tinted matrix. Analytical techniques include electron microprobe, INAA, and ICP-MS

The early Cycladic settlement at Dhaskalio, Keros: preliminary report of the 2008 excavation season

The 2008 excavations on the small island of Dhaskalio opposite Dhaskalio Kavos on the Cycladic island of Keros are reviewed. An account is given of the survey, recording many walls of the early Bronze Age, and of the excavations, continued from the 2007 season. Excavations at the summit of Dhaskalio revealed a substantial building 16 m long and 4 m wide, within which was discovered the ‘Dhaskalio hoard’ comprising a chisel, an axe-adze, and a shaft-hole axe of copper or bronze. Study of the pottery reveals continuity, within which a sequence of three phases within the Early Cycladic II and III periods can be established. Excavations were continued and concluded within the Special Deposit at Kavos South with the recovery of many more special but fragmentary materials including marble vessels and figurines. Specialist studies for the geomorphology, geology, petrology, ceramic petrology, metallurgy and environmental aspects (botanical and faunal remains, phytoliths) are in progress. No more fieldwork is planned prior to final publication of the 2006 to 2008 seasons

Petrology

This is a ebook of an open access textbook on Petrology, current as of April 2023. For the most recently updated live version please see: https://opengeology.org/petrology/https://commons.und.edu/oers/1029/thumbnail.jp