Peningkatan Unjuk Kerja Sistem Sensor Garis Pemandu Pada Robot Kontes

Autonomous mobile robots competing during the Indonesian Domestic Robot Contest generally move by tracking a guidance line on the field based on information obtained from optical sensor systems. High intensity and non-homogenously distributed spotlights of television cameras have been the cause of most of the autonomous machines not to be able to move fast and accurately. As a solution, basic principles of Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) that has been successfully applied on telecommunication systems are adopted to increase the immunity of the sensor system from the disturbances. The objective of this research is to design a sensor system which is capable of detecting a guidance line as thin as 1 mm at a maximum speed of 4 m/s. The simulation results show that the system is relatively immune from 50 Hz interferences. The accuracy of the system begins to be significatly influenced by random noise on signal to noise ratio about 0 dB but the system produces an accuracy of nearly 100% for carrier frequencies above 18 kHz Index Terms— butterworth filter, contest robot, digital signal processing, microcontroller, simulation. Robot otomatis pada Kontes Robot Indonesia (KRI) umumnya bergerak mengikuti garis-garis pemandu di lapangan berdasarkan suatu sistem sensor cahaya. Pengaruh lampu sorot kamera televisi yang terlalu terang dan tidak merata menjadi permasalahan utama kegagalan mayoritas robot-robot tersebut untuk bergerak dengan kecepatan tinggi dan akurat. Sebagai solusi, prinsip kerja sistem Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) pada sistem telekomunikasi diadopsi ke dalam sistem sensor pada sistem pelacak garis robot tersebut untuk meningkatkan ketahanan sistem terhadap pengaruh cahaya luar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu sistem sensor yang mampu mendeteksi suatu garis selebar 1 mm untuk kecepatan maksimum robot sebesar 4 m/s di bawah lingkungan yang penuh derau (noise). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa sistem relatif kebal terhadap pengaruh interferensi 50 Hz. Keakuratan sistem mulai terpengaruh oleh derau acak secara signifikan pada SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) sekitar 0 dB tetapi sistem tersebut dapat menghasilkan keakuratan mendekati 100% untuk frekuensi pembawa di atas 18 kHz. Kata Kunci— filter butterworth, mikrokontroler, pemrosesan sinyal digital, robot kontes, simulasi

Roadmap to the Domestic Production of Mobile Phone and Its Market Feasibility in Nigeria

The mobile phone system is one of the instrumental devices that has helped shaped our socio-economic ecosystem in many ways, and it has been an integral part of many societies all over the world due to its versatility. Nigeria currently is facing a great deal of economic hardship owing to successive political failures to balance the import-to-export ratio over the years thus affecting the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI). Domestic production of mobile phones has been identified as one of the structures if put in place that can help in a national economic revival in terms of a technological revolution that would contribute to the GDP, GNI, and general economic effect. In this paper, we identified some key elements that could help establish the mobile phone production industry in Nigeria which include identifying the existing phone markets and buyers' usage patterns to guide in the kind of phone to be produced that would appeal to Nigerians and their neighbouring countries such that it would scale well and have a competitive advantage over imported phones. With the help of a survey aided by Google Form, an insight into the kind of phones Nigerians uses and preferred was elucidated. Furthermore, a small-scale design of a phone was carried out to test the technical or manpower know-how and feasibility of the venture. Overall, the feasibility of embarking on domestic production shows a green light

Real-time sound synthesis on a multi-processor platform

Real-time sound synthesis means that the calculation and output of each sound sample for a channel of audio information must be completed within a sample period. At a broadcasting standard, a sampling rate of 32,000 Hz, the maximum period available is 31.25 μsec. Such requirements demand a large amount of data processing power. An effective solution for this problem is a multi-processor platform; a parallel and distributed processing system. The suitability of the MIDI [Music Instrument Digital Interface] standard, published in 1983, as a controller for real-time applications is examined. Many musicians have expressed doubts on the decade old standard's ability for real-time performance. These have been investigated by measuring timing in various musical gestures, and by comparing these with the subjective characteristics of human perception. An implementation and its optimisation of real-time additive synthesis programs on a multi-transputer network are described. A prototype 81-polyphonic-note- organ configuration was implemented. By devising and deploying monitoring processes, the network's performance was measured and enhanced, leading to an efficient usage; the 88-note configuration. Since 88 simultaneous notes are rarely necessary in most performances, a scheduling program for dynamic note allocation was then introduced to achieve further efficiency gains. Considering calculation redundancies still further, a multi-sampling rate approach was applied as a further step to achieve an optimal performance. The theories underlining sound granulation, as a means of constructing complex sounds from grains, and the real-time implementation of this technique are outlined. The idea of sound granulation is quite similar to the quantum-wave theory, "acoustic quanta". Despite the conceptual simplicity, the signal processing requirements set tough demands, providing a challenge for this audio synthesis engine. Three issues arising from the results of the implementations above are discussed; the efficiency of the applications implemented, provisions for new processors and an optimal network architecture for sound synthesis

Analysis and resynthesis of polyphonic music

This thesis examines applications of Digital Signal Processing to the analysis, transformation, and resynthesis of musical audio. First I give an overview of the human perception of music. I then examine in detail the requirements for a system that can analyse, transcribe, process, and resynthesise monaural polyphonic music. I then describe and compare the possible hardware and software platforms. After this I describe a prototype hybrid system that attempts to carry out these tasks using a method based on additive synthesis. Next I present results from its application to a variety of musical examples, and critically assess its performance and limitations. I then address these issues in the design of a second system based on Gabor wavelets. I conclude by summarising the research and outlining suggestions for future developments