Performance Analysis of User Speed Impact on IEEE 802.11ah Standard affected by Doppler Effect

Internet of Things (IOT) offers a new dimension of technology and information where connectivity is available anywhere, anytime, and for any purpose. IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network group is a standard that developed to answer the needs of wireless communication technology (WI-Fi). Recently, IEEE 802.11 working group released the 802.11ah technology or Wi-Fi HaLow as a Wi-fi standard. This standard works on the 1 GHz frequency band with a broader coverage area, massive device and the energy efficiency issues. This research addresses, the influence of Doppler Effect using Random Waypoint mobility model on 802.11ah with different user speed are analyzed. The design of the simulation system is done by changing user speed and MCS. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the overall performance of the network with all of the parameter scenarios is decreasing along with the increasing user speed, RAW group, and bandwidth. In the user speed scenario, the MCS 5 with RAW group = 2 and bandwidth = 2 MHz in v = 10 km/h scenario has the worst performance with an average delay which is about 0.065463 s, throughput is about 0.328120 Mbps, and PDR is about 99.8901%. Keywords: Restricted Access Window (RAW), IEEE 802.11ah, Random Waypoint, Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), Network Simulator 3

Performance Analysis of RAW Impact on IEEE 802.11ah Standard affected by Doppler Effect

Internet of Things (IOT) offers a new dimension of technology and information where connectivity is available anywhere, anytime, and for any purpose. IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network group is a standard that developed to answer the needs of wireless communication technology (WI-Fi). Recently, IEEE 802.11 working group released the 802.11ah technology or Wi-Fi HaLow as a Wi-fi standard. This standard works on the 1 GHz frequency band with a broader coverage area, massive device and the energy efficiency issues. This research addresses, the influence of Doppler Effect using Random Waypoint mobility model on 802.11ah with different RAW slot and RAW slot duration are analyzed. The design of the simulation system is done by changing RAW slot and RAW slot duration. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the overall performance of the network with all of the parameter scenarios is decreasing along with the increasing RAW slot, RAW slot duration, and fluctuation. In the RAW slot = 5 scenario with v = 10 km/h has the worst performance with an average delay which is about 0.128225 s, and average throughput is about 0.284337 Mbps while for RAW slot = 1 with an average PDR which is about 99.1076 %. While in the RAW slot duration = 0.020 s scenario with v = 10 km/h has the worst performance with an average delay which is about 0.135581 s, average throughput is about 0.286828 Mbps, and average PDR which is about 99.3165 %

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN): Technology Review And Experimental Study on Mobility Effect

In the past decade, we have witnessed explosive growth in the number of low-power embedded and Internet-connected devices, reinforcing the new paradigm, Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices like smartphones, home security systems, smart electric meters, garage parking indicators, etc., have penetrated deeply into our daily lives. These IoT devices are increasingly attached and operated in mobile objects like unmanned vehicles, trains, airplanes, etc. The low power wide area network (LPWAN), due to its long-range, low-power and low-cost communication capability, is actively considered by academia and industry as the future wireless communication standard for IoT. However, despite the increasing popularity of mobile IoT, little is known about the suitability of LPWAN for those mobile IoT applications in which nodes have varying degrees of mobility. To fill this knowledge gap, in this thesis:1. We present a thorough review on LPWAN technology focusing on the mobility effect. 2. We conduct an experimental study to evaluate, analyze, and characterize LPWAN in both indoor and outdoor mobile environments.Our experimental results indicate that the performance of LPWAN is surprisingly susceptible to mobility, even to minor human mobility, and the effect of mobility significantly escalates as the distance to the gateway increases. These results call for development of new mobility-aware LPWAN protocols to support mobile IoT

Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Scheduling Algorithms on 5G Networks using Network Simulator

In this research, we compared the Round Robin (RR) and the Proportional Fair (PF) algorithms for different user equipment density scenarios using voice and video traffic, to evaluate the key impact on performance of 5G mmwave network. This research simulated on NS3.27 with an integrated mmwave module. Based on the result, we found that the RR is a good choice for voice traffic. It has a throughput of 3.65% better than PF with similar fairness index. On the other hand, we found that the PF is the right choice for video traffic due to has better result for throughput. It has a throughput of 1.24% better than RR. For fairness index round robin has better result for voice and video traffic

Real-Time Sensor Networks and Systems for the Industrial IoT

The Industrial Internet of Things (Industrial IoT—IIoT) has emerged as the core construct behind the various cyber-physical systems constituting a principal dimension of the fourth Industrial Revolution. While initially born as the concept behind specific industrial applications of generic IoT technologies, for the optimization of operational efficiency in automation and control, it quickly enabled the achievement of the total convergence of Operational (OT) and Information Technologies (IT). The IIoT has now surpassed the traditional borders of automation and control functions in the process and manufacturing industry, shifting towards a wider domain of functions and industries, embraced under the dominant global initiatives and architectural frameworks of Industry 4.0 (or Industrie 4.0) in Germany, Industrial Internet in the US, Society 5.0 in Japan, and Made-in-China 2025 in China. As real-time embedded systems are quickly achieving ubiquity in everyday life and in industrial environments, and many processes already depend on real-time cyber-physical systems and embedded sensors, the integration of IoT with cognitive computing and real-time data exchange is essential for real-time analytics and realization of digital twins in smart environments and services under the various frameworks’ provisions. In this context, real-time sensor networks and systems for the Industrial IoT encompass multiple technologies and raise significant design, optimization, integration and exploitation challenges. The ten articles in this Special Issue describe advances in real-time sensor networks and systems that are significant enablers of the Industrial IoT paradigm. In the relevant landscape, the domain of wireless networking technologies is centrally positioned, as expected

Langattoman anturijärjestelmän suunnittelu hissin kunnonvalvontaan

The aim of this thesis is to design, implement and validate a prototype sensor system for wirelessly monitoring the condition of an elevator. One purpose of such system is long-term monitoring of the elevator, which could help detecting emerging issues in advance. The system could also be used by maintenance personnel as a real-time troubleshooting tool, assisting in device commissioning and maintenance situations, for example. Due to requirements set by the use case and the elevator environment, a wireless, battery operated device is required. A significant part of this thesis focuses on aspects of selecting a suitable wireless technology, as the choice has a large impact on the performance of the system. Different wireless solutions are researched and compared, and a technology using the sub-GHz frequency bands is selected for the prototypes. The prototype sensor is designed based on the choice of the wireless technology. The hardware and software of the sensor nodes, as well as a PC tool for collecting data, are presented. The performance of the sensor nodes and the functionality of the whole sensor system is tested using a batch of manufactured prototype devices. The prototypes and the selection of the wireless technology are considered successful. Minor improvements to the design of the prototypes are presented at the end of the thesis.Tässä työssä suunnitellaan, toteutetaan ja arvioidaan hissin kunnonvalvontaan tarkoitetun langattoman anturijärjestelmän prototyyppi. Järjestelmän käyttötarkoituksena on sekä hissin pitkäaikainen kunnonvalvonta, jonka avulla voidaan havaita orastavia vikoja etukäteen, että mahdollisuus käyttää laitetta reaaliaikaisena vianetsintätyökaluna, jota huoltohenkilöstö voisi käyttää apunaan esimerkiksi hissin käyttöönoton ja huoltotilanteiden yhteydessä. Käyttökohteen asettamien vaatimusten takia on tarpeen suunnitella langaton, paristokäyttöinen anturi. Merkittävä osa tästä työstä käsittelee langattoman teknologian valintaan vaikuttavia tekijöitä, sillä valinnalla on suuri vaikutus järjestelmän suorituskykyyn. Työssä kartoitetaan ja vertaillaan erilaisia langattomia ratkaisuita, joista prototyyppilaitteeseen valitaan sub-GHz-taajuuksia käyttävä langaton teknologia. Anturilaitteen prototyyppi suunnitellaan valitun langattoman teknologian pohjalta. Anturilaitteen elektroniikka, ohjelmisto, ja PC-tietokoneelle toteutettu datankeräystyökalu esitellään. Anturien suorituskyky sekä koko järjestelmän toiminta testataan valmistetuilla prototyyppikappaleilla. Prototyyppi arvioidaan toimivaksi ja langattoman teknologian valinta onnistuneeksi. Työn lopussa esitetään pieniä parannusehdotuksia prototyypin suunnitteluun