Some moral problems associated with human transplants

This paper is an abridged version of the St. Luke's Day lecture delivered to the Malta Branch of the British Medical Association on the 18th October 1972 at the Medical School of the University. When dealing with the moral aspects of transplants one has to think of a double operation, that by which the tissue or organ is taken from one person, and that by which it is grafted on to another: hence we should consider both the receiver and the donor. The crucial problem is how to be certain that the donor is dead, because if he is not, even though his state is hopeless and it is certain that he would die very soon, an excision made upon him which terminates his life is murder. The case of transplants from human beings who are still alive raises greater problems. If what is taken from the donor destroys or substantially impairs the biological functionality of the organism, provoking death, then or later, the excision is not morally allowed. Further views by theologians regarding excisions and mutilations are also outlined, delineating Papal statements and pronouncements.peer-reviewe

Ідеал людини в освіті Нового часу та у світі проблем сучасності

У статті розглядаються особливості освіти, що сформувала ідеал особистості, укорінений і в сучасній європейській освітній культурі. Стверджується, що освітній ідеал Нового часу, істотною характеристикою якого є формування людини з позицій її "корисності", в основному зберіг своє традиційне значення до теперішнього часу, що демонструє необхідність його трансформації у напрямі гуманізації та універсалізації

Antyk w Kronice Polskiej Anonima tzw. Galla i w Translacji św. Mikołaja tzw. mnicha z Lido jako problem badawczy

In the article, I have embarked on a discussion of principles according to which medieval texts are compared. A specific case of such studies are the analyses of erudition that may be found in the surviving texts. The case of Gallus is an exceptional one because we have another text at our disposal that either he or someone close to our chronicler wrote. Therefore, the comparison of these texts is a condition of all further studies. In the article, I have managed to determine a common source of a prayer found both in the text of Translation of St. Nicholas, written by the monk of Lido and in Gallus.  On the example of references to work of antique writers, present in both texts, I attempted to demonstrate how these texts are related.