17,871 research outputs found
Paperfolding morphisms, planefilling curves, and fractal tiles
An interesting class of automatic sequences emerges from iterated
paperfolding. The sequences generate curves in the plane with an almost
periodic structure. We generalize the results obtained by Davis and Knuth on
the self-avoiding and planefilling properties of these curves, giving simple
geometric criteria for a complete classification. Finally, we show how the
automatic structure of the sequences leads to self-similarity of the curves,
which turns the planefilling curves in a scaling limit into fractal tiles. For
some of these tiles we give a particularly simple formula for the Hausdorff
dimension of their boundary.Comment: 32 pages, 23 figure
Infinite Secret Sharing -- Examples
The motivation for extending secret sharing schemes to cases when either the
set of players is infinite or the domain from which the secret and/or the
shares are drawn is infinite or both, is similar to the case when switching to
abstract probability spaces from classical combinatorial probability. It might
shed new light on old problems, could connect seemingly unrelated problems, and
unify diverse phenomena.
Definitions equivalent in the finitary case could be very much different when
switching to infinity, signifying their difference. The standard requirement
that qualified subsets should be able to determine the secret has different
interpretations in spite of the fact that, by assumption, all participants have
infinite computing power. The requirement that unqualified subsets should have
no, or limited information on the secret suggests that we also need some
probability distribution. In the infinite case events with zero probability are
not necessarily impossible, and we should decide whether bad events with zero
probability are allowed or not.
In this paper, rather than giving precise definitions, we enlist an abundance
of hopefully interesting infinite secret sharing schemes. These schemes touch
quite diverse areas of mathematics such as projective geometry, stochastic
processes and Hilbert spaces. Nevertheless our main tools are from probability
theory. The examples discussed here serve as foundation and illustration to the
more theory oriented companion paper
Limit shape and height fluctuations of random perfect matchings on square-hexagon lattices
We study asymptotics of perfect matchings on a large class of graphs called
the contracting square-hexagon lattice, which is constructed row by row from
either a row of a square grid or a row of a hexagonal lattice. We assign the
graph periodic edge weights with period , and consider the
probability measure of perfect matchings in which the probability of each
configuration is proportional to the product of edge weights. We show that the
partition function of perfect matchings on such a graph can be computed
explicitly by a Schur function depending on the edge weights. By analyzing the
asymptotics of the Schur function, we then prove the Law of Large Numbers
(limit shape) and the Central Limit Theorem (convergence to the Gaussian free
field) for the corresponding height functions. We also show that the
distribution of certain type of dimers near the turning corner is the same as
the eigenvalues of Gaussian Unitary Ensemble, and that in the scaling limit
under the boundary condition that each segment of the bottom boundary grows
linearly with respect the dimension of the graph, the frozen boundary is a
cloud curve whose number of tangent points to the bottom boundary of the domain
depends on the size of the period, as well as the number of segments along the
bottom boundary
Rigidity and Non-recurrence along Sequences
Two properties of a dynamical system, rigidity and non-recurrence, are
examined in detail. The ultimate aim is to characterize the sequences along
which these properties do or do not occur for different classes of
transformations. The main focus in this article is to characterize explicitly
the structural properties of sequences which can be rigidity sequences or
non-recurrent sequences for some weakly mixing dynamical system. For ergodic
transformations generally and for weakly mixing transformations in particular
there are both parallels and distinctions between the class of rigid sequences
and the class of non-recurrent sequences. A variety of classes of sequences
with various properties are considered showing the complicated and rich
structure of rigid and non-recurrent sequences
Precise BER Formulas for Asynchronous QPSK-Modulated DS-CDMA Systems Using Random Quaternary Spreading Over Rayleigh Channels
Precise bit-error-ratio (BER) analysis of an asynchronous QPSK-modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access system using random quaternary spreading sequences for transmission over Rayleigh channels is performed based on the characteristic-function approach. Its accuracy is verified by our numerical simulation results and also compared with those of the Gaussian approximation. Index TermsâAsynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA), bit-error-ratio (BER), precise, QPSK, quarternary spreading, Rayleigh
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