Kleene algebra with domain

We propose Kleene algebra with domain (KAD), an extension of Kleene algebra with two equational axioms for a domain and a codomain operation, respectively. KAD considerably augments the expressiveness of Kleene algebra, in particular for the specification and analysis of state transition systems. We develop the basic calculus, discuss some related theories and present the most important models of KAD. We demonstrate applicability by two examples: First, an algebraic reconstruction of Noethericity and well-foundedness; second, an algebraic reconstruction of propositional Hoare logic.Comment: 40 page

Greibach Normal Form in Algebraically Complete Semirings

We give inequational and equational axioms for semirings with a fixed-point operator and formally develop a fragment of the theory of context-free languages. In particular, we show that Greibach's normal form theorem depends only on a few equational properties of least pre-fixed-points in semirings, and elimination of chain- and deletion rules depend on their inequational properties (and the idempotency of addition). It follows that these normal form theorems also hold in non-continuous semirings having enough fixed-points

Rationally Additive Semirings

We define rationally additive semirings that are a generalization of (omega-)complete and (omega-)continuous semirings. We prove that every rationally additive semiring is an iteration semiring. Moreover, we characterize the semirings of rational power series with coefficients in N_infty, the semiring of natural numbers equipped with a top element, as the free rationally additive semirings