Panama Canal Twenty-fifth anniversary 1914 - Aug. 15 -1939

Leonard Carpenter Panama Canal Collection. Photographs: Views of Panama and the Canal. [Box 1] from the Special Collections & Area Studies Department, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida. Booklet dedication: Published under the direction of a committee appointed by Brigadier General Clarence S. Ridley, Governor of The Panama Canal, to arrange suitable ceremonies, as authorized in Public Resolution No.5, 76th Congress, approved March 28, 1939, to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal to commerce. Prepared by Rufus Hardy, Executive Department, The Panama Canal. (120 page document

S.S. Panama, Captain\u27s Dinner, January 28, 1951

Menu cover depicts cruise liner passing by the Statue of Liberty. Captain\u27s Dinner aboard the S.S. Panama, Panama Line, Sunday, January 28, 1951. Captain J.W. Kirchner, Commander; J. Petersen, Chief Engineer; F. Gorman, Chief Officer; W.F. Kristen, Chief Purser; G. McKnight, Chief Steward. Autographs page includes three signatures presumably from other passengers

Accurate modeling of confounding variation in eQTL studies leads to a great increase in power to detect trans-regulatory effects

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies are an integral tool to investigate the genetic component of gene expression variation. A major challenge in the analysis of such studies are hidden confounding factors, such as unobserved covariates or unknown environmental influences. These factors can induce a pronounced artifactual correlation structure in the expression profiles, which may create spurious false associations or mask real genetic association signals. 

Here, we report PANAMA (Probabilistic ANAlysis of genoMic dAta), a novel probabilistic model to account for confounding factors within an
eQTL analysis. In contrast to previous methods, PANAMA learns hidden factors jointly with the effect of prominent genetic regulators. As a result, PANAMA can more accurately distinguish between true genetic association signals and confounding variation. 

We applied our model and compared it to existing methods on a variety of datasets and biological systems. PANAMA consistently performs better than alternative methods, and finds in particular substantially more trans regulators. Importantly, PANAMA not only identified a greater number of associations, but also yields hits that are biologically more plausible and can be better reproduced between independent studies

Description of a new genus and species of hummingbird from Panama

Since January, 1911, Mr. E. A. Goldman, of the Biological Survey, U.S.Department of Agriculture, has been detailed to the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone to collect mammals and birds in the Canal Zone and adjacent parts of Panama... (Document contains 4 pages

The Trichoptera of Panama. XII. Contributions to the family Glossosomatidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) in Panama

Herein we describe five new species in the trichopteran family Glossosomatidae Wallengren (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Panama: Mortoniella calovebora Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., M. yayas Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., Protoptila inflata Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., P. totumas Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., and P. rambala Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp. Three of the species were collected as part of ongoing biological surveys of Panama’s national parks. We also record three new country records for Panama for this family: Culoptila costaricensis Flint, 1974, Mortoniella opinionis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008, and Protoptila spirifera Flint, 1974. Thirty-one species of glossosomatid caddisflies, nine of them endemic, are now known from Panama

The Proposed U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement

On April 26, 2004, the United States began negotiating a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) with Panama. By building on the U.S.-Dominican RepublicCentral America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) text, the negotiations have moved quickly and many chapters are nearly completed. This report discusses The Proposed U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement

Revision of the Anastrepha benjamini species group and the A. pallidipennis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The shape of the facial carina in Altastreplia is discussed. Although taxonomically useful, the protrudent form probably occurs by convergence in different species groups. Two species groups in which the carina is usually produced are revised. The belljamini species group includes: belljamini Lima (from southeastern Brazil), gigantea Stone (from Panama), magna, n. sp. (from Colombia and Venezuela), and superj1ua Stone (from Panama). Host data for this group are limited to only one record of benjamilli from a species of Pouteria (Sapotaceae). The pallidipennis complex, which is included in the pseudoparallela species group, is recognized to include: amnis Stone (from southern Brazil and possibly Trinidad), curitis Stone (from Colombia, Peru, and northern Brazil), pallida, n. sp. (from Panama), pallidipennis Greene (from Colombia and Venezuela), and vele::i, n. sp. (from Colombia). These species breed in fruit of Passij10ra (Passifloraceae) (P. ambigua Hems., ligularis Juss., Idtida H.B.K., quadrallgularis L., and seemannii Griseb.). The relationships of these Anastrepliaspecies are discussed, and diagnoses and ill ustrations are provided to permit their identification. A neotype is designated for A. consobrina (Loew), and the identity of this species is clarified.Se discute la forma de la carina de la cara en Anastreplia. Aunque esta caracteristica es util taxonomicamente, probablemente la forma producida ocurre por convergencia en varios grupos de especies. Se revisan dos grupos de especies que normalmente tiene una carina producida. EI grupo benjamini incluye: benjamini Lima (del sureste de Brasil), gigantea Stone (de Panama), magna, sp. n. (de Colombia y Venezuela), y superj1ua Stone (de Panama). Datos de huespedes del grupo belljamini incluyen solo un registro de benjamini en una especie de Pouteria (Sapotaceae). EI complejo pallidipennis, que es una parte del grupo pseudoparallela incluye: amnis Stone (del sur de Brasil y tal vez de Trinidad), curitis Stone (de Colombia, Peru, y el norte de Brasil), pallida, sp. n. (de Panama), pallidipennis Greene (de Colombia y Venezuela), y velezi, sp. n. (de Colombia). Estas cinco especies se alimentan de frutos de Passij10ra (passifloraceae) (P. ambiguaHemsJ., ligularisJuss., nitida H.B.K., quadrangularis L., y seemannii Griseb.). Se discuten las relaciones de estas Anastrepila especies y se proveen diagnoses e ilustraciones para su identificacci6n. Se designa un neotipo de A. consobrina (Loew) , y se establece la identidad de esta especie

Apionidae from North and Central America : 6. Description of new species of Apionion Kissinger, Coelocephalapion Wagner and Trichapion Wagner (Coleoptera)

Two new species of Trichapion Wagner, T. baranowskii and T. santaritae, are described from Madera Canyon, near Tucson, Arizona. Six new species of Coelocephalapion Wagner are described: C. dilox (Mexico), C. goldilox (Costa Rica, Panama), C.johnsoni (Panama) with host Vatairea erythrocarpa Ducke (Fabaceae), C. nirostrum (Mexico), C. tellum (Texas, Mexico), and C. turnbowi (Mexico). Apionion opetion is described from Mexico. A closely similar species, Apionion bettyae (Kissinger), new combination, with probable host plant Lonchocarpus sp. (Fabaceae), is transferred from Trichapion

Do Exchange Rate Regimes Matter For Inflation And Exchange Rate Dynamics? The Case Of Central America.

This paper makes an empirical contribution to the discussion on the optimal exchange rate regime. Using as astudy case the experience of the Central American countries, we compare the dynamics of the Real Exchange Rate (RER) and inflation persistence between dollarized economies and countries with some degree of exchange rate flexibility. Our results show that the two dollarized countries in the region, El Salvador and Panama, are quite different in terms of RER and inflation dynamics. While in El Salvador the RER spends more time away from the equilibrium level than the non-dollarized countries in the region, the opposite is true for Panama. We also find that inflation persistence in El Salvador is similar to that of the other countries, but smaller in Panama. This leads us to the conclusion that some degree of exchange rate flexibility helps countries to have a RER more aligned with its fundamentals. Nevertheless, a long-lived, highly credible dollarized economy, like Panama, can reduce inflation persistence to such an extent that RER misalignments are actually less frequent than in countries with more flexible exchange rate regimes.