Multi-COBS: A Novel Algorithm for Byte Stuffing at High Throughput

Framing methods are used to break a data stream into packets in most digital communications. The use of a reserved symbol to denote the frame boundaries is a popular practice. This end-of-frame (EOF) marker should be removed from the packet content in a reversible manner. Many strategies, such as the bit and byte stuffing processes employed by high-level data link control (HDLC) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), or the Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing (COBS), have been devised to perform this goal. These bit and byte stuffing algorithms remove the reserved EOF marker from the packet payload and replace it with some extra information that can be used to undo the action later. The amount of data added is called overhead and is a figure-of-merit of such algorithms, together with the encoding and decoding speed. Multi-COBS, a new byte stuffing algorithm, is presented in this paper. Multi-COBS provides concurrent encoding and decoding, resulting in a performance improvement of factor four or eight in common word-based digital architectures while delivering an average and worst-case overhead equivalent to the state-of-the-art. On the reference 28-nanometer field programmable gate array (FPGA) (Artix-7), Multi-COBS achieves a throughput of 6.6 Gbps, instead of 1.7 Gbps of COBS. Thanks to its parallel elaboration capability, Multi-COBS is ideal for digital systems built in programmable logic as well as modern computers

Configurable byte-wide HDLC controller supporting IP over SONET

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).by Daniel T. Lee.M.Eng

Performance study of voice over frame relay : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Information Engineering, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

Frame Relay (FR) represents an important paradigm shift in modern telecommunication. This technology is beginning to evolve from data only application to broad spectrum of multimedia users and potential to provide end users with cost effective transport of voice traffic for intra office communication. In this project the recent development in voice communication over Frame relay is investigated. Simulations were carried out using OPNET, a powerful simulation software. Following the simulation model, a practical design of the LAN-to-LAN connectivity experiment was also done in the Net Lab. From the results of the simulation, Performance measures such as delay, jitter, and throughput are reported. It is evident from the results that real-time voice or video across a frame relay network can provide acceptable performance

Design and construction of a low earth orbit satellite ground station

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2000This thesis describes the design and construction of a satellite ground station constructed in support of the Citizen Explorer Program. The University of Alaska Fairbanks was chosen to participate in this program due to its latitude that gives it excellent access to polar-orbiting satellites. The advantage that higher latitudes have in accessing low earth orbiting satellites is examined. It is demonstrated that Fairbanks, Alaska, has roughly twice the access to polar orbiting satellites than the mid-latitudes of the contiguous US. Link budgets for the communication system were developed, which led to the construction of helical antennas to communicate with the satellite. Data are presented that demonstrate the antennas, as well as the rest of the satellite tracking system, functioned acceptably. The satellite ground station will provide internet access to the spacecraft. The procedure used to test this approach and its results are given, as well as recommendations for future work

Implementação de IP sobre novas camadas físicas

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesO presente trabalho propõe-se estudar as metodologias existentes de integração e implementação do protocolo Internet sobre sistemas de telecomunicações. É apresentada a descrição da actual norma do RPR (IEEE 802.17) e em paralelo as opções de desenvolvimento para a implementação dos módulos do MAC (Medium Access Control), para o transporte de IP sobre uma rede em anel, segundo esta norma. A primeira parte deste documento correspondente ao primeiro capítulo, aborda os serviços existentes actualmente para transporte de dados em pacotes, nas actuais redes de telecomunicações. A segunda parte correspondente aos segundo e terceiro capítulos, é composta por uma abordagem às principais metodologias utilizadas para mapeamento de IP sobre diversos protocolos para posterior transporte na camada física, seguida de uma apresentação breve de soluções e produtos existentes no mercado, desenvolvidos por alguns fabricantes e operadores. Os quarto, quinto e sexto capítulos, pertencem à terceira parte deste documento, onde é descrita a norma do IEEE 802.17 e as opções de desenvolvimento dos trajectos de dados do MAC, dos algoritmos de Fairness e de descoberta da Topologia e Protecção, e da unidade de Operação, Administração e Manutenção, para um sistema real desta referida norma. São descritas as soluções desenvolvidas para os diversos módulos e para todo o sistema que pressupõe a unidade de MAC do RPR. É também apresentada a implementação e simulação de um dos módulos do MAC do RPR. Por fim no sétimo capítulo apresentam-se as respectivas conclusões. São ainda apresentados dois anexos. O anexo A apresenta uma descrição detalhada de tipos e estruturas de tramas do protocolo Resilient Packet Ring - 802.17. No anexo B é descrita a estrutura da base de dados do algoritmo de descoberta de topologia e protecção, do referido protocolo.The present work is intended to study the existing methodologies of integration and implementation of the Internet Protocol in telecommunications systems. It also proposes a starting point for the implementation of a module for the MAC of an emerging protocol to transport IP over a ring net. The description of the current standard of the RPR (IEEE 802.17) is presented and in parallel, the options of development for the implementation of the MAC (Medium Access Control) modules, for the transport of IP on a ring network, according to this standard. The first part of this document, corresponding to the first chapter, currently approaches the existing services for transport of data in packages, in the present telecommunication networks. The second part, corresponding to the second and third chapters, is composed of an approach to the main methodologies used for IP mapping on diverse protocols for posterior transport in the physical layer, followed of a brief presentation of solutions and existing products in the market, developed by some manufacturers and operators. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapters, belong to the third part of this document, where it is described the 802.17 standard of the IEEE and the options for the development of the MAC datapaths, of the Fairness and Topology Discovery and Protection, algorithms, and of the Operation, Administration and Maintenance unit, for a real system of this standard. It is described the solutions developed for the several modules and for all the system that compose the unit of the RPR MAC. It is also presented the implementation and simulation of one of the modules of RPR MAC. Finally in the seventh chapter the respective conclusions are presented. Still two annexes are presented. The annex A presents a detailed description of frame types and structures of the Resilient Packet Ring – 802.17 protocol. In the annex B it is described the structure of the database for the topology discovery and protection algorithm, of the related protocol

Activity Analysis from Smart Bed Strain Gauge Data

Užití automatizace a dat je nedílnou součástí v současném průmyslu, včetně toho zdravotnického. Vzrůstající popularita umělé inteligence umožnila vytváření pomocných nástrojů, které zvyšují kvalitu diagnóz a péče o pacienty. Jedno z využívaných „chytrých“ zařízení je nemocniční lůžko poskytující data o pacientovi pro vyhodnocování různých statistik. Tato práce se zaměřuje na vizualizaci a detekci poloh v reálném čase použitím čtyř tenzometrů vestavěných v konstrukci postele. Pro tyto účely byl vytvořen vlastní software na extrakci a zpracování dat. Experiment pro detekci poloh s modelem algoritmu SVM ukázal uspokojivé výsledky i při učení klasifikačního modelu pouze na jednom subjektu. Model byl schopen v reálném čase rozpoznat polohy čtyř cizích subjektů různých vah a konstitucí. Experimenty byly uskutečněny v laboratoři v CIIRCu a jejich průběh byl zaznamenán na video přiložené k práci.Use of automation and data appears in most industries and branches including healthcare. The rising popularity of AI paved the way for creation of tools that help improving the quality of diagnosis and care. One of these “smart” gadgets is a hospital bed that provides data for evaluation of the patient's statistics. This thesis focuses on real-time visualization and posture detection using four strain gauges built within the bed's construction. For this purpose, it was necessary to implement a respective data processing software for data extraction. A conducted experiment with the SVM-trained model showed that despite being trained on only one subject, the model was able to sufficiently detect postures of four foreign subjects of different weights and constructions. All the experiments were held and recorded in the laboratory of CIIRC and corresponding demonstrative video can be found on CD attached to this thesis

Voice over IP

The area that this thesis covers is Voice over IP (or IP Telephony as it is sometimes called) over Private networks and not over the Internet. There is a distinction to be made between the two even though the term is loosely applied to both. IP Telephony over Private Networks involve calls made over private WANs using IP telephony protocols while IP Telephony over the Internet involve calls made over the public Internet using IP telephony protocols. Since the network is private, service is reliable because the network owner can control how resources are allocated to various applications, such as telephony services. The public Internet on the other hand is a public, largely unmanaged network that offers no reliable service guarantee. Calls placed over the Internet can be low in quality, but given the low price, some find this solution attractive. What started off as an Internet Revolution with free phone calls being offered to the general public using their multimedia computers has turned into a telecommunication revolution where enterprises are beginning to converge their data and voice networks into one network. In retrospect, an enterprise\u27s data networks are being leveraged for telephony. The communication industry has come full circle. Earlier in the decade data was being transmitted over the public voice networks and now voice is just another application which is/will be run over the enterprises existing data networks. We shall see in this thesis the problems that are encountered while sending Voice over Data networks using the underlying IP Protocol and the corrective steps taken by the Industry to resolve these multitudes of issues. Paul M. Zam who is collaborating in this Joint Thesis/project on VoIP will substantiate this theoretical research with his practical findings. On reading this paper the reader will gain an insight in the issues revolving the implementation of VoIP in an enterprises private network as well the technical data, which sheds more light on the same. Thus the premise of this joint thesis/project is to analyze the current status of the technology and present a business case scenario where an organization will be able to use this information