PPINA -A Forensic Investigation Protocol for Privacy Enhancing Technologies

Abstract. Although privacy is often seen as an essential right for internet users, the provision of anonymity can also provide the ultimate cover for malicious users. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) should not only hide the identity of legitimate users but also provide means by which evidence of malicious activity can be gathered. This paper proposes a forensic investigation technique, which can be embedded in the framework of existing PETs , thereby adding network forensic functionality to the PET. This approach introduces a new dimension to the implementation of Privacy Enhancing Technologies, which enhances their viability in the global network environment

PPINA -A Forensic Investigation Protocol for Privacy Enhancing Technologies

Abstract. Although privacy is often seen as an essential right for internet users, the provision of anonymity can also provide the ultimate cover for malicious users. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) should not only hide the identity of legitimate users but also provide means by which evidence of malicious activity can be gathered. This paper proposes a forensic investigation technique, which can be embedded in the framework of existing PETs , thereby adding network forensic functionality to the PET. This approach introduces a new dimension to the implementation of Privacy Enhancing Technologies, which enhances their viability in the global network environment

A survey on privacy issues in digital forensics

Privacy issues have always been a major concern in computer forensics and security and in case of any investigation whether it is pertaining to computer or not always privacy issues appear. To enable privacy’s protection in the physical world we need the law that should be legislated, but in a digital world by rapidly growing of technology and using the digital devices more and more that generate a huge amount of private data it is impossible to provide fully protected space in cyber world during the transfer, store and collect data. Since its introduction to the field, forensics investigators, and developers have faced challenges in finding the balance between retrieving key evidences and infringing user privacy. This paper looks into developmental trends in computer forensics and security in various aspects in achieving such a balance. In addition, the paper analyses each scenario to determine the trend of solutions in these aspects and evaluate their effectiveness in resolving the aforementioned issues

PRECEPT:a framework for ethical digital forensics investigations

Purpose: Cyber-enabled crimes are on the increase, and law enforcement has had to expand many of their detecting activities into the digital domain. As such, the field of digital forensics has become far more sophisticated over the years and is now able to uncover even more evidence that can be used to support prosecution of cyber criminals in a court of law. Governments, too, have embraced the ability to track suspicious individuals in the online world. Forensics investigators are driven to gather data exhaustively, being under pressure to provide law enforcement with sufficient evidence to secure a conviction. Yet, there are concerns about the ethics and justice of untrammeled investigations on a number of levels. On an organizational level, unconstrained investigations could interfere with, and damage, the organization’s right to control the disclosure of their intellectual capital. On an individual level, those being investigated could easily have their legal privacy rights violated by forensics investigations. On a societal level, there might be a sense of injustice at the perceived inequality of current practice in this domain. This paper argues the need for a practical, ethically-grounded approach to digital forensic investigations, one that acknowledges and respects the privacy rights of individuals and the intellectual capital disclosure rights of organisations, as well as acknowledging the needs of law enforcement. We derive a set of ethical guidelines, then map these onto a forensics investigation framework. We subjected the framework to expert review in two stages, refining the framework after each stage. We conclude by proposing the refined ethically-grounded digital forensics investigation framework. Our treatise is primarily UK based, but the concepts presented here have international relevance and applicability.Design methodology: In this paper, the lens of justice theory is used to explore the tension that exists between the needs of digital forensic investigations into cybercrimes on the one hand, and, on the other, individuals’ rights to privacy and organizations’ rights to control intellectual capital disclosure.Findings: The investigation revealed a potential inequality between the practices of digital forensics investigators and the rights of other stakeholders. That being so, the need for a more ethically-informed approach to digital forensics investigations, as a remedy, is highlighted, and a framework proposed to provide this.Practical Implications: Our proposed ethically-informed framework for guiding digital forensics investigations suggest a way of re-establishing the equality of the stakeholders in this arena, and ensuring that the potential for a sense of injustice is reduced.Originality/value: Justice theory is used to highlight the difficulties in squaring the circle between the rights and expectations of all stakeholders in the digital forensics arena. The outcome is the forensics investigation guideline, PRECEpt: Privacy-Respecting EthiCal framEwork, which provides the basis for a re-aligning of the balance between the requirements and expectations of digital forensic investigators on the one hand, and individual and organizational expectations and rights, on the other

PRECEPT: A Framework for Ethical Digital Forensics Investigations.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Cyber-enabled crimes are on the increase, and law enforcement has had to expand many of their detecting activities into the digital domain. As such, the field of digital forensics has become far more sophisticated over the years and is now able to uncover even more evidence that can be used to support prosecution of cyber criminals in a court of law. Governments, too, have embraced the ability to track suspicious individuals in the online world. Forensics investigators are driven to gather data exhaustively, being under pressure to provide law enforcement with sufficient evidence to secure a conviction. Yet, there are concerns about the ethics and justice of untrammeled investigations on a number of levels. On an organizational level, unconstrained investigations could interfere with, and damage, the organization’s right to control the disclosure of their intellectual capital. On an individual level, those being investigated could easily have their legal privacy rights violated by forensics investigations. On a societal level, there might be a sense of injustice at the perceived inequality of current practice in this domain. This paper argues the need for a practical, ethically-grounded approach to digital forensic investigations, one that acknowledges and respects the privacy rights of individuals and the intellectual capital disclosure rights of organisations, as well as acknowledging the needs of law enforcement. We derive a set of ethical guidelines, then map these onto a forensics investigation framework. We subjected the framework to expert review in two stages, refining the framework after each stage. We conclude by proposing the refined ethically-grounded digital forensics investigation framework. Our treatise is primarily UK based, but the concepts presented here have international relevance and applicability. In this paper, the lens of justice theory is used to explore the tension that exists between the needs of digital forensic investigations into cybercrimes on the one hand, and, on the other, individuals’ rights to privacy and organizations’ rights to control intellectual capital disclosure. The investigation revealed a potential inequality between the practices of digital forensics investigators and the rights of other stakeholders. That being so, the need for a more ethically-informed approach to digital forensics investigations, as a remedy, is highlighted, and a framework proposed to provide this. Our proposed ethically-informed framework for guiding digital forensics investigations suggest a way of re-establishing the equality of the stakeholders in this arena, and ensuring that the potential for a sense of injustice is reduced. Justice theory is used to highlight the difficulties in squaring the circle between the rights and expectations of all stakeholders in the digital forensics arena. The outcome is the forensics investigation guideline, PRECEpt: Privacy-Respecting EthiCal framEwork, which provides the basis for a re-aligning of the balance between the requirements and expectations of digital forensic investigators on the one hand, and individual and organizational expectations and rights, on the other

PPINA- A Forensic Investigation Protocol for Privacy Enhancing Technologies

Abstract. Although privacy is often seen as an essential right for internet users, the provision of anonymity can also provide the ultimate cover for malicious users. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) should not only hide the identity of legitimate users but also provide means by which evidence of malicious activity can be gathered. This paper proposes a forensic investigation technique, which can be embedded in the framework of existing PETs, thereby adding network forensic functionality to the PET. This approach introduces a new dimension to the implementation of Privacy Enhancing Technologies, which enhances their viability in the global network environment. Keywords: Network Forensics, Privacy Enhancing Technologies.

Un modèle complexe de la prise de décisions de soins en fin de vie

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal