150,235 research outputs found
Good Sense, Art, and Morality in Hume's ‘Of the Standard of Taste’
In his essay ‘Of the Standard of Taste,’ Hume argues that artworks with morally flawed outlooks are, to some extent, aesthetically flawed. While Hume's remarks regarding the relationship between art and morality have influenced contemporary aestheticians, Hume's own position has struck many people as incoherent. For Hume appears to entangle himself in two separate contradictions. First, Hume seems to claim both that true judges should not enter into vicious sentiments and that true judges should adopt the standpoint of an artwork's intended audience. But The Iliad, say, was obviously intended for an audience that shared Homer's flawed moral outlook. Second, Hume appears to claim that our moral sentiments are both highly resistant to change and extremely fragile. This essay defends Hume against these two objections by drawing increased attention to the role that Hume's aesthetics assigns to the faculty of good sense or sound reason
Automatic Dream Sentiment Analysis
In this position paper, we propose a first step toward automatic analysis of sentiments in dreams. 100 dreams were sampled from a dream bank created for a normative study of dreams. Two human judges assigned a score to describe dream sentiments. We ran four baseline algorithms in an attempt to automate the rating of sentiments in dreams. Particularly, we compared the General Inquirer (GI) tool, the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), a weighted version of the GI lexicon and of the HM lexicon and a standard bag-of-words. We show that machine learning allows automating the human judgment with accuracy superior to majority class choice
What makes a market economy? : Schumpeter, Smith and Walras on the coordination problem
The tradition of modern political economy is founded upon attempts to show how a market economy of autonomous individuals can function smoothly in the absence of a central authority to coordinate economic activity. This has become known, for obvious reasons, as the coordination problem. As suggested by the title of this article, to confront the coordination problem is to focus upon the question, ‘what makes a market economy?’. In the pages that follow, I argue that the answer to such a question lies not, as we might expect, in the realm of economics, but in that of moral philosophy. In order to sustain this argument, I revisit debates about the essence of the market economy which are to be found in the history of economic thought literature, but which are almost entirely ignored by modern economists
Adam Smith. Skeptical Newtonianism, Disenchanted Republicanism, and the Birth of Social Science
Both Adam Smith's epistemology and his politics head to a stalemate. The former is under the opposing pulls of an essentialist ideal of knowledge and of a pragmatist approach to the history of science. The latter still tries to provide a foundation for a natural law, while conceiving it as non-absolute and changeable. The consequences are (i) inability to complete both the political and the epistemological works projected by Smith; (ii) decentralization of the social order, giving rise to several partial orders, such as that of the market
SentiCap: Generating Image Descriptions with Sentiments
The recent progress on image recognition and language modeling is making
automatic description of image content a reality. However, stylized,
non-factual aspects of the written description are missing from the current
systems. One such style is descriptions with emotions, which is commonplace in
everyday communication, and influences decision-making and interpersonal
relationships. We design a system to describe an image with emotions, and
present a model that automatically generates captions with positive or negative
sentiments. We propose a novel switching recurrent neural network with
word-level regularization, which is able to produce emotional image captions
using only 2000+ training sentences containing sentiments. We evaluate the
captions with different automatic and crowd-sourcing metrics. Our model
compares favourably in common quality metrics for image captioning. In 84.6% of
cases the generated positive captions were judged as being at least as
descriptive as the factual captions. Of these positive captions 88% were
confirmed by the crowd-sourced workers as having the appropriate sentiment
Reid on Favors, Injuries, and the Natural Virtue of Justice
Reid argues that Hume’s claim that justice is an artificial virtue is inconsistent with the fact that gratitude is a natural sentiment. This chapter shows that Reid’s argument succeeds only given a philosophy of mind and action that Hume rejects. Among other things, Reid assumes that one can conceive of one of a pair of contradictories only if one can conceive of the other—a claim that Hume denies. So, in the case of justice, the disagreement between Hume and Reid is, at bottom, a disagreement over their respective conceptions of how the human mind works at its most fundamental level
Deep Memory Networks for Attitude Identification
We consider the task of identifying attitudes towards a given set of entities
from text. Conventionally, this task is decomposed into two separate subtasks:
target detection that identifies whether each entity is mentioned in the text,
either explicitly or implicitly, and polarity classification that classifies
the exact sentiment towards an identified entity (the target) into positive,
negative, or neutral.
Instead, we show that attitude identification can be solved with an
end-to-end machine learning architecture, in which the two subtasks are
interleaved by a deep memory network. In this way, signals produced in target
detection provide clues for polarity classification, and reversely, the
predicted polarity provides feedback to the identification of targets.
Moreover, the treatments for the set of targets also influence each other --
the learned representations may share the same semantics for some targets but
vary for others. The proposed deep memory network, the AttNet, outperforms
methods that do not consider the interactions between the subtasks or those
among the targets, including conventional machine learning methods and the
state-of-the-art deep learning models.Comment: Accepted to WSDM'1
Six Signs of Scientism
As the English word “scientism” is currently used, it is a trivial verbal truth that scientism—an inappropriately deferential attitude to science—should be avoided. But it is a substantial question when, and why, deference to the sciences is inappropriate or exaggerated. This paper tries to answer that question by articulating “six signs of scientism”: the honorific use of “science” and its cognates; using scientific trappings purely decoratively; preoccupation with demarcation; preoccupation with “scientific method”; looking to the sciences for answers beyond their scope; denying the legitimacy or worth of non-scientific (e.g., legal or literary) inquiry, or of writing poetry or making art
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