Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) Untuk Penentuan Subsidi Listrik

Poverty is a condition where a person or household has insufficient income to meet the minimum living needs. BPS states that 40% of Indonesians are in the lowest economy. One of the measures to tackle poverty by the government is the application of electricity subsidies. The government in collaboration with PT. PLN to control poverty has an electricity subsidy program by providing electricity subsidy assistance funds to underprivileged communities. The purpose of the subsidy is to achieve electricity supply and help poor customers and those who have not been contacted by PT. PLN so that they can participate in enjoying electrical energy. However, there are still obstacles where there are many procedures so that it takes a long time to make decisions, because it must be seen from several criteria. One of the methods used to overcome the many criteria of FMADM is TOPSIS to complete 10 alternatives including: Job, Income, Dependents, Vehicle Assets, Home Ownership, Building Area, Drinking Water Source, Electrical Power Range, type of floor, and type of house wall. The results of the study obtained accurate results, namely from 20 submissions, only 11 residents were automatically acceded without having to wait a long time in the decision to grant electricity subsidies. And for 9 residents, they were given recommendations to be acc, 1 citizen was given a recommendation not to be ac

Advances in Theoretical and Computational Energy Optimization Processes

The paradigm in the design of all human activity that requires energy for its development must change from the past. We must change the processes of product manufacturing and functional services. This is necessary in order to mitigate the ecological footprint of man on the Earth, which cannot be considered as a resource with infinite capacities. To do this, every single process must be analyzed and modified, with the aim of decarbonising each production sector. This collection of articles has been assembled to provide ideas and new broad-spectrum contributions for these purposes

Alternative Energy Sources

The search for alternative sources of energy is an attempt to solve two of the main problems facing the modern world. Today's resources are mainly based on fossil flammable substances such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The first problem is related to the expected and observed depletion of deposits, not only those available but also less accessible. Another is related to global warming from emissions of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) as well as emissions of other pollutants in the atmosphere. Mitigating the harmful effects of fossil fuel use is an obvious challenge for mankind. This Special Issue includes articles on the search for new raw materials and new technologies for obtaining energy, such as those existing in nature, methane hydrates, biomass, etc., new more efficient technologies for generating electricity, as well as analyses of the possibilities and conditions of use of these resources for practical applications

Gas, Water and Solid Waste Treatment Technology

This book introduces a variety of treatment technologies, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods for the treatment of gas emissions, wastewater, and solid waste. It provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students, in the areas of environmental science and engineering

Concentrated solar thermal gasification of biomass for continuous electricity generation

Bioenergy production is one of the key strategies for reducing CO2 emissions and replacing fossil fuels. Along with other renewable energy sources and emission reduction methods, it provides a variety of solutions for addressing global energy challenges and climate change. Although gasification-based bioenergy generation has been extensively researched, there are still challenges in terms of energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and economic viability in practical applications. Concentrated solar thermal gasification of biomass (CSTGB) system offers a promising solution. It utilizes concentrated solar thermal energy to enhance gasification efficiency, improve environmental sustainability, increase energy security, and possess potential economic viability. Under optimal conditions geared towards maximizing energy conversion efficiency, the CSTGB system boasts impressive results, including a remarkable 30% improvement in biomass utilization and substantial 40% increase in total energy efficiency compared to conventional gasification methods. This represents a notable leap forward in the quest for sustainable and efficient bioenergy production. Gasification technologies have been widely investigated for converting biomass into syngas, which can be further utilized for heat or electricity generation. To optimize this process, a stochastic gasification kinetic model has been developed, employing a Monte Carlo (MC) approach coupled with the powerful random forest (RF) algorithm. This innovative approach aims to predict the ideal gasification process parameters, encompassing variables such as water content, particle size, porosity, thermal conductivity, emissivity, shape, and reaction temperature, all with the goal of achieving maximum producer gas yield and quality. The model’s accuracy and reliability have been rigorously confirmed through comparison with existing literature data, underscoring its value as a valuable tool for the design and operation of gasification processes. This system emerges as a highly promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and address energy cost challenges. To evaluate the system comprehensively, a life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) were conducted with a focus on global warming potential (GWP) and economic feasibility. Sensitivity analysis has effectively pinpointed cost and emissions hotspots within the system. While the net present worth (NPW) of the proposed system at 30th year stands at approximately €–0.7 billion, two key strategies can be employed to enhance its economic viability. These strategies include a 19% reduction in operation and maintenance (O&M) costs to 43.9 €/MWh or a 20% increase in overall system efficiency. The proposed system has the potential to annually save 787.7 kgCO2- eq/tonwaste-wood and generate approximately 0.8 million MWh of electricity, concurrently promoting energy security and contributing significantly to carbon emission reduction. This synthesis of sustainable technologies underscores its pivotal role in our transition towards a greener and more energy-efficient future. The multi-objective optimization (MOO) of the proposed system on LCA and TEA is conducted. The analysis employed the long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) algorithm and MC approach expand scenarios due to limited specialized models and experimental. Influenced by considerations related to carbon taxes (CT), the results highlight a robust optimal configuration capable of reducing GWP by 415,960 tons of CO2 and generating a NPW of €4,298 million over a 30-year life span. However, in the absence of CT revenue, the analysis reveals trade-offs, resulting in a reduction of 132,615 tons of CO2 and a net present worth of €3,042 million

New Advances in Soil Pollution and Remediation

This reprint reports on new advances in basic and applied research of soil pollution and remediation. A list of contaminants are targeted, including toxic metal(loid)s (e.g., Pb, As, Sb, and multi-metals), organic contaminants (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, phenanthrene, and petroleum), and antibiotics (e.g., sulfadiazine). The occurrence, environmental behaviors, and risks of these contaminants are explored. Special attention is devoted to techniques for the remediation of polluted soils, such as stabilization/solidification, photocatalytic degradation, and thermal desorption. This reprint provides new insights into soil pollution and remediation

Surface composites and functionalisation : enhancement of aluminium alloy 7075-T651 via friction stir processing

Abstract: This research work is aimed at modifying and enhancing the properties of aluminium alloy 7075- T651 through the friction stir processing (FSP) technique, in order to improve the mechanical, electrochemical, structural, tribological as well as the metallurgical properties which include micro- and macro- structural analysis through XRD and Image processing of grain size and grain flow patterns determination, by reinforcing the parent metal. The surface modification of the parent metal has been made possible in the past via different techniques,such as laser surfacing, electronbeam welding and thermal spraying; but in recent years, the friction stir processing (FSP) technology has been adopted to cater for the complex methods of surface enhancement. FSP is well-renowned for its short route of fabrication, densification, grain refinement, homogenization of the precipitates of composite substances, nugget zone homogeneity. These have led to the efficient surface enhancement, significant and remarkable improvement in hardness, ductility, strength, increased fatigue life, as well as formability within which the bulk properties are still intact. The use of FSP in the fabrication of metal matrix composites (MMCs), especially aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) and aluminium hybrid composites (AHCs) were dealt with in this study...Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering

Recent Development of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract: The use of renewable energies continues to increase. However, the energy obtained from renewable resources is variable over time. The amount of energy produced from the renewable energy sources (RES) over time depends on the meteorological conditions of the region chosen, the season, the relief, etc. So, variable power and nonguaranteed energy produced by renewable sources implies intermittence of the grid. The key lies in supply sources integrated to a hybrid system (HS)