580 research outputs found
Optimal transportation with traffic congestion and Wardrop equilibria
In the classical Monge-Kantorovich problem, the transportation cost only
depends on the amount of mass sent from sources to destinations and not on the
paths followed by this mass. Thus, it does not allow for congestion effects.
Using the notion of traffic intensity, we propose a variant taking into account
congestion. This leads to an optimization problem posed on a set of probability
measures on a suitable paths space. We establish existence of minimizers and
give a characterization. As an application, we obtain existence and variational
characterization of equilibria of Wardrop type in a continuous space setting
Matroids are Immune to Braess Paradox
The famous Braess paradox describes the following phenomenon: It might happen
that the improvement of resources, like building a new street within a
congested network, may in fact lead to larger costs for the players in an
equilibrium. In this paper we consider general nonatomic congestion games and
give a characterization of the maximal combinatorial property of strategy
spaces for which Braess paradox does not occur. In a nutshell, bases of
matroids are exactly this maximal structure. We prove our characterization by
two novel sensitivity results for convex separable optimization problems over
polymatroid base polyhedra which may be of independent interest.Comment: 21 page
Models and applications of Optimal Transport in Economics, Traffic and Urban Planning
Some optimization or equilibrium problems involving somehow the concept of
optimal transport are presented in these notes, mainly devoted to applications
to economic and game theory settings. A variant model of transport, taking into
account traffic congestion effects is the first topic, and it shows various
links with Monge-Kantorovich theory and PDEs. Then, two models for urban
planning are introduced. The last section is devoted to two problems from
economics and their translation in the language of optimal transport
US Highway Privatization and Heterogeneous Preferences
Abstract: We assess the welfare effects of highway privatization accounting for governmentâs behavior in setting the sale price, firmsâ strategic behavior in setting tolls in various competitive environments, and motoristsâ heterogeneous preferences for speedy and reliable travel. We conclude motorists can benefit from privatization if they are able to negotiate aggressively with a private provider to obtain tolls and service that align with their varying preferences. Surprisingly, motorists are likely to be better off negotiating with a monopolist than with duopoly providers or under public-private competition. Toll regulation may be counterproductive because it would treat motorists as homogeneous. Revised June 2009.Security Breach Costs; Financial Distress; Insurance; Resource Allocation.
Wardrop Equilibrium in Discrete-Time Selfish Routing with Time-Varying Bounded Delays
This paper presents a multi-commodity, discrete-
time, distributed and non-cooperative routing algorithm, which is
proved to converge to an equilibrium in the presence of
heterogeneous, unknown, time-varying but bounded delays.
Under mild assumptions on the latency functions which describe
the cost associated to the network paths, two algorithms are
proposed: the former assumes that each commodity relies only on
measurements of the latencies associated to its own paths; the
latter assumes that each commodity has (at least indirectly) access
to the measures of the latencies of all the network paths. Both
algorithms are proven to drive the system state to an invariant set
which approximates and contains the Wardrop equilibrium,
defined as a network state in which no traffic flow over the
network paths can improve its routing unilaterally, with the latter
achieving a better reconstruction of the Wardrop equilibrium.
Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed
approach
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