Effective link operation duration: a new routing metric for mobile ad hoc networks

The dynamic topology of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is caused by node mobility and fading of the wireless link. Link reliability is often measured by the estimated lifetime and the stability of a link. In this paper we propose that the stability of a link can be represented by the time duration in which the two nodes at each end of a link are within each other’s transmission range and the fading is above an acceptable threshold. A novel routing metric, called effective link operation duration (ELOD), is proposed and implemented into AODV (AODV-ELOD). Simulation results show that proposed AODVELOD outperforms both AODV and the Flow Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP)

A Non-Cooperative Game Theoretical Approach For Power Control In Virtual MIMO Wireless Sensor Network

Power management is one of the vital issue in wireless sensor networks, where the lifetime of the network relies on battery powered nodes. Transmitting at high power reduces the lifetime of both the nodes and the network. One efficient way of power management is to control the power at which the nodes transmit. In this paper, a virtual multiple input multiple output wireless sensor network (VMIMO-WSN)communication architecture is considered and the power control of sensor nodes based on the approach of game theory is formulated. The use of game theory has proliferated, with a broad range of applications in wireless sensor networking. Approaches from game theory can be used to optimize node level as well as network wide performance. The game here is categorized as an incomplete information game, in which the nodes do not have complete information about the strategies taken by other nodes. For virtual multiple input multiple output wireless sensor network architecture considered, the Nash equilibrium is used to decide the optimal power level at which a node needs to transmit, to maximize its utility. Outcome shows that the game theoretic approach considered for VMIMO-WSN architecture achieves the best utility, by consuming less power.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Performance and Energy-Tuning Methodology for Wireless Sensor Networks Using TunableMAC

Energy-efficiency and performance are at the forefront with regards to wireless sensor networks due to the resource-constrained nature of the sensors on the network. Most of the energy in a sensor is consumed by the radio and this therefore creates the need for a more efficient use of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer which controls access to the radio. The Castalia framework which runs on the OMNET++ simulation platform provides a MAC layer protocol – TunableMAC – which is used in this paper for tuning of performance and consumed power. Our goal is to improve as much as possible the performance/energy balance in terms of resources used up by security features, while attempting to preserve the overall lifespan of the wireless sensors. This paper investigates performance parameters for TunableMAC such as energy consumed, latency, throughput and network lifetime based on simulated temperature sensors. A 5-step methodology is proposed that can be helpful for minimizing the impact of denial-of-sleep (DOS) attacks. Hence, the benefit of this research is that it feeds into the development of a novel MAC protocol that is energy-aware and can autonomously guard against energy drain attacks such as DOS attacks

The Design Of Self Starting Regulator Using Step-Up Converter Topology For WSN Application

Continuous monitoring is very important for chronic patient, elderly or who was under supervision for recovery from an acute event or surgical. For this Wireless Sensor Network give a solution for continuous health monitoring and able to wirelessly monitoring patient conditions at any time. It is able to generate early warning if received unwanted signal from the patient as well. As known, Wireless Sensor Network is only consumes a little power to turn it on and energy harvesting is able to power up this devices without using the batteries. Continuous monitoring needs a continuous and uninterruptable power source. Hence, energy harvesting is one of the options of the solutions. However, up till now the energy harvesting still develop a low output voltage which is not enough to power on the wireless sensor network . Therefore, this paper proposed a new technique called a self starting DC to DC converter which is able to boost up the input voltage as low as 0.4V to the output voltage of 5.1V. The circuit efficiency is up to 92% which is verified by simulation using LTspice tools. Hardware implementation will be done in future work

Efficient Low Voltage Amplification Using Self Starting Voltage Regulator for Storage System

Abstract-This paper presents a storage system design based on energy harvesting to achieve batteryless for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application. The storage system is part of the Wireless Sensor Energy Harvesting to store and amplify the energy harvested from the surroundings. Finding a new sources of renewable energy has becomes a fashionable among researchers nowadays in particular harvesting the energy from the surrounding. However the challenge raised is to boost up the energy that known are very low. Thus the proposed method must be consumes very little power and suitable for ambient environmental sources such as vibration, wind and RF energy and be able to boost up the energy for storage system. The output of the harvested voltage is insufficient for most applications, therefore the system will boost up the input voltage level using DC to DC converter topology to higher dc voltage.The DC to DC converter shall be designed to suit the types of storage required. The output voltage of this DC converter should be sufficient to charge either capacitor or supercapacitor that will be use in this system as the energy storage system. The supercapacitor will provide power to energize any system such as in this case wireless sensor network[1]. In the case of wireless sensor network for example, the node would require the energy during transmitting and receiving data only whereas during standby mode or sleep mode, the amount of energy required would be very smal