One antimatter --- two possible thermodynamics

Conventional thermodynamics, which is formulated for our world populated by radiation and matter, can be extended to describe physical properties of antimatter in two mutually exclusive ways: CP-invariant or CPT-invariant. Here we refer to invariance of physical laws under charge (C), parity (P) and time reversal (T) transformations. While in quantum field theory CPT invariance is a theorem confirmed by experiments, the symmetry principles applied to macroscopic phenomena or to the whole of the Universe represent only hypotheses. Since both versions of thermodynamics are different only in their treatment of antimatter, but are the same in describing our world dominated by matter, making a clear experimentally justified choice between CP invariance and CPT invariance in context of thermodynamics is not possible at present. This work investigates the comparative properties of the CP- and CPT-invariant extensions of thermodynamics (focusing on the latter, which is less conventional than the former) and examines conditions under which these extensions can be experimentally tested.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1209.198

Symmetric and antisymmetric forms of the Pauli master equation (for interaction of matter and antimatter quantum states)

When applied to matter and antimatter states, the Pauli master equation (PME) may have two forms: time-symmetric, which is conventional, and time-antisymmetric, which is suggested in the present work. The symmetric and antisymmetric forms correspond to symmetric and antisymmetric extensions of thermodynamics from matter to antimatter --- this is demonstrated by proving the corresponding H-theorem. The two forms are based on the thermodynamic similarity of matter and antimatter and differ only in the directions of thermodynamic time for matter and antimatter (the same in the time-symmetric case and the opposite in the time-antisymmetric case). We demonstrate that, while the symmetric form of PME predicts an equi-balance between matter and antimatter, the antisymmetric form of PME favours full conversion of antimatter into matter. At this stage, it is impossible to make an experimentally justified choice in favour of the symmetric or antisymmetric versions of thermodynamics since we have no experience of thermodynamic properties of macroscopic objects made of antimatter, but experiments of this kind may become possible in the future.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Information and thermodynamic arrows of time

The article examines the thermodynamic arrow of time and the information arrow of time. The thermodynamic arrow of time is related to the second law of thermodynamics, and the information arrow of time shows that it is only possible to record information from the past, but not from the future. It has been concluded that on certain occasions the thermodynamic arrow of time and the information arrow of time may have different directions. According to the interpretation of Stueckelberg-Feynman-Sudarshan-Recami, the antiparticles are particles moving backwards in time. Classical thermodynamics can be extended to describe the physical properties of antimatter in two mutually exclusive ways: CP-invariant or CPT-invariant thermodynamics. From this point of view, the article shows the existing possibilities for the directions of the thermodynamic arrow of time and the information arrow of time. Thermodynamic systems have been examined that are composed of only matter or of only antimatter and observed (investigated) by hypothetical observers made of matter or antimatter. The information and entropy properties of the computational processes performed by a computer made of antimatter have been discussed

Some Aspects of Time-Reversal in Chemical Kinetics

Chemical kinetics govern the dynamics of chemical systems leading towards chemical equilibrium. There are several general properties of the dynamics of chemical reactions such as the existence of disparate time scales and the fact that most time scales are dissipative. This causes a transient relaxation to lower dimensional attracting manifolds in composition space. In this work, we discuss this behavior and investigate how a time reversal effects this behavior. For this, both macroscopic chemical systems as well as microscopic chemical systems (elementary reactions) are considered