On the invariants of the quotients of the Jacobian of a curve of genus 2

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.comInternational audienceLet C be a curve of genus 2 that admits a non-hyperelliptic involution. We show that there are at most 2 isomorphism classes of elliptic curves that are quotients of degree 2 of the Jacobian of C. Our proof is constructive, and we present explicit formulae, classified according to the involutions of C, that give the minimal polynomial of the j-invariant of these curves in terms of the moduli of C. The coefficients of these minimal polynomials are given as rational functions of the moduli

The arithmetic of genus two curves with (4,4)-split Jacobians

In this paper we study genus 2 curves whose Jacobians admit a polarized (4,4)-isogeny to a product of elliptic curves. We consider base fields of characteristic different from 2 and 3, which we do not assume to be algebraically closed. We obtain a full classification of all principally polarized abelian surfaces that can arise from gluing two elliptic curves along their 4-torsion and we derive the relation their absolute invariants satisfy. As an intermediate step, we give a general description of Richelot isogenies between Jacobians of genus 2 curves, where previously only Richelot isogenies with kernels that are pointwise defined over the base field were considered. Our main tool is a Galois theoretic characterization of genus 2 curves admitting multiple Richelot isogenies.Comment: 30 page

Rational points in the moduli space of genus two

We build a database of genus 2 curves defined over $\mathbb Q$ which contains all curves with minimal absolute height $h \leq 5$, all curves with moduli height $\mathfrak h \leq 20$, and all curves with extra automorphisms in standard form $y^2=f(x^2)$ defined over $\mathbb Q$ with height $h \leq 101$. For each isomorphism class in the database, an equation over its minimal field of definition is provided, the automorphism group of the curve, Clebsch and Igusa invariants. The distribution of rational points in the moduli space $\mathcal M_2$ for which the field of moduli is a field of definition is discussed and some open problems are presented

Four-dimensional GLV via the Weil restriction

The Gallant-Lambert-Vanstone (GLV) algorithm uses efficiently computable endomorphisms to accelerate the computation of scalar multiplication of points on an abelian variety. Freeman and Satoh proposed for cryptographic use two families of genus 2 curves defined over \F_{p} which have the property that the corresponding Jacobians are $(2,2)$-isogenous over an extension field to a product of elliptic curves defined over \F_{p^2}. We exploit the relationship between the endomorphism rings of isogenous abelian varieties to exhibit efficiently computable endomorphisms on both the genus 2 Jacobian and the elliptic curve. This leads to a four dimensional GLV method on Freeman and Satoh\u27s Jacobians and on two new families of elliptic curves defined over \F_{p^2}

Sato-Tate distributions and Galois endomorphism modules in genus 2

For an abelian surface A over a number field k, we study the limiting distribution of the normalized Euler factors of the L-function of A. This distribution is expected to correspond to taking characteristic polynomials of a uniform random matrix in some closed subgroup of USp(4); this Sato-Tate group may be obtained from the Galois action on any Tate module of A. We show that the Sato-Tate group is limited to a particular list of 55 groups up to conjugacy. We then classify A according to the Galois module structure on the R-algebra generated by endomorphisms of A_Qbar (the Galois type), and establish a matching with the classification of Sato-Tate groups; this shows that there are at most 52 groups up to conjugacy which occur as Sato-Tate groups for suitable A and k, of which 34 can occur for k = Q. Finally, we exhibit examples of Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves exhibiting each Galois type (over Q whenever possible), and observe numerical agreement with the expected Sato-Tate distribution by comparing moment statistics.Comment: 59 pages, 2 figures, minor edits, to appear in Compositio Mathematic

Sato-Tate groups of abelian threefolds

Given an abelian variety over a number field, its Sato-Tate group is a compact Lie group which conjecturally controls the distribution of Euler factors of the L-function of the abelian variety. It was previously shown by Fit\'e, Kedlaya, Rotger, and Sutherland that there are 52 groups (up to conjugation) that occur as Sato-Tate groups of abelian surfaces over number fields; we show here that for abelian threefolds, there are 410 possible Sato-Tate groups, of which 33 are maximal with respect to inclusions of finite index. We enumerate candidate groups using the Hodge-theoretic construction of Sato-Tate groups, the classification of degree-3 finite linear groups by Blichfeldt, Dickson, and Miller, and a careful analysis of Shimura's theory of CM types that rules out 23 candidate groups; we cross-check this using extensive computations in Gap, SageMath, and Magma. To show that these 410 groups all occur, we exhibit explicit examples of abelian threefolds realizing each of the 33 maximal groups; we also compute moments of the corresponding distributions and numerically confirm that they are consistent with the statistics of the associated L-functions.Comment: Simplified a calculation in Section 6.4; 87 page