Survey on wireless technology trade-offs for the industrial internet of things

Aside from vast deployment cost reduction, Industrial Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (IWSAN) introduce a new level of industrial connectivity. Wireless connection of sensors and actuators in industrial environments not only enables wireless monitoring and actuation, it also enables coordination of production stages, connecting mobile robots and autonomous transport vehicles, as well as localization and tracking of assets. All these opportunities already inspired the development of many wireless technologies in an effort to fully enable Industry 4.0. However, different technologies significantly differ in performance and capabilities, none being capable of supporting all industrial use cases. When designing a network solution, one must be aware of the capabilities and the trade-offs that prospective technologies have. This paper evaluates the technologies potentially suitable for IWSAN solutions covering an entire industrial site with limited infrastructure cost and discusses their trade-offs in an effort to provide information for choosing the most suitable technology for the use case of interest. The comparative discussion presented in this paper aims to enable engineers to choose the most suitable wireless technology for their specific IWSAN deployment

Performance Analysis for Bandwidth Allocation in IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Networks using BMAP Queueing

This paper presents a performance analysis for the bandwidth allocation in IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access (BWA) networks considering the packet-level quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) rate based on IEEE 802.16 standard is used to adjust the transmission rate adaptively in each frame time according to channel quality in order to obtain multiuser diversity gain. To model the arrival process and the traffic source we use the Batch Markov Arrival Process (BMAP), which enables more realistic and more accurate traffic modelling. We determine analytically different performance parameters, such as average queue length, packet dropping probability, queue throughput and average packet delay. Finally, the analytical results are validated numerically.Comment: 16 page

Connection admission control and packet scheduling for IEEE 802.16 networks

Includes bibliographical references.The IEEE 802.16 standard introduced as one of the Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN) for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) which is known as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), provides a solution of broadband connectivity to areas where wired infrastructure is economically and technically infeasible. Apart from the advantage of having high speeds and low costs, IEEE 802.16 has the capability to simultaneously support various service types with required QoS characteristics. ... While IEEE 802.16 standard defines medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers specification, admission control and packet scheduling mechanisms which are important elements of QoS provisioning are left to vendors to design and implement for service differentiation and QoS support

WIMAX Basics from PHY Layer to Scheduling and Multicasting Approaches

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is an emerging broadband wireless technology for providing Last mile solutions for supporting higher bandwidth and multiple service classes with various quality of service requirement. The unique architecture of the WiMAX MAC and PHY layers that uses OFDMA to allocate multiple channels with different modulation schema and multiple time slots for each channel allows better adaptation of heterogeneous user’s requirements. The main architecture in WiMAX uses PMP (Point to Multipoint), Mesh mode or the new MMR (Mobile Multi hop Mode) deployments where scheduling and multicasting have different approaches. In PMP SS (Subscriber Station) connects directly to BS (Base Station) in a single hop route so channel conditions adaptations and supporting QoS for classes of services is the key points in scheduling, admission control or multicasting, while in Mesh networks SS connects to other SS Stations or to the BS in a multi hop routes, the MMR mode extends the PMP mode in which the SS connects to either a relay station (RS) or to Bs. Both MMR and Mesh uses centralized or distributed scheduling with multicasting schemas based on scheduling trees for routing. In this paper a broad study is conducted About WiMAX technology PMP and Mesh deployments from main physical layers features with differentiation of MAC layer features to scheduling and multicasting approaches in both modes of operations

On Capacity and Delay of Multi-channel Wireless Networks with Infrastructure Support

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-channel network with infrastructure support, called an MC-IS network, which has not been studied in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study such an MC-IS network. Our proposed MC-IS network has a number of advantages over three existing conventional networks, namely a single-channel wireless ad hoc network (called an SC-AH network), a multi-channel wireless ad hoc network (called an MC-AH network) and a single-channel network with infrastructure support (called an SC-IS network). In particular, the network capacity of our proposed MC-IS network is $\sqrt{n \log n}$ times higher than that of an SC-AH network and an MC-AH network and the same as that of an SC-IS network, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the network. The average delay of our MC-IS network is $\sqrt{\log n/n}$ times lower than that of an SC-AH network and an MC-AH network, and $\min\{C_I,m\}$ times lower than the average delay of an SC-IS network, where $C_I$ and $m$ denote the number of channels dedicated for infrastructure communications and the number of interfaces mounted at each infrastructure node, respectively. Our analysis on an MC-IS network equipped with omni-directional antennas only has been extended to an MC-IS network equipped with directional antennas only, which are named as an MC-IS-DA network. We show that an MC-IS-DA network has an even lower delay of $\frac{c}{\lfloor \frac{2\pi}{\theta}\rfloor \cdot C_I}$ compared with an SC-IS network and our MC-IS network. For example, when $C_I=12$ and $\theta=\frac{\pi}{12}$, an MC-IS-DA network can further reduce the delay by 24 times lower that of an MC-IS network and reduce the delay by 288 times lower than that of an SC-IS network.Comment: accepted, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 201

Multi-channel Wireless Networks with Infrastructure Support: Capacity and Delay

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-channel network with infrastructure support, called an \textit{MC-IS} network, which has not been studied in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study such an \textit{MC-IS} network. Our \textit{MC-IS} network is equipped with a number of infrastructure nodes which can communicate with common nodes using a number of channels where a communication between a common node and an infrastructure node is called an infrastructure communication and a communication between two common nodes is called an ad-hoc communication. Our proposed \textit{MC-IS} network has a number of advantages over three existing conventional networks, namely a single-channel wireless ad hoc network (called an \textit{SC-AH} network), a multi-channel wireless ad hoc network (called an \textit{MC-AH} network) and a single-channel network with infrastructure support (called an \textit{SC-IS} network). In particular, the \textit{network capacity} of our proposed \textit{MC-IS} network is $\sqrt{n \log n}$ times higher than that of an \textit{SC-AH} network and an \textit{MC-AH} network and the same as that of an \textit{SC-IS} network, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the network. The \textit{average delay} of our \textit{MC-IS} network is $\sqrt{\log n/n}$ times lower than that of an \textit{SC-AH} network and an \textit{MC-AH} network, and $\min(C_I,m)$ times lower than the average delay of an \textit{SC-IS} network, where $C_I$ and $m$ denote the number of channels dedicated for infrastructure communications and the number of interfaces mounted at each infrastructure node, respectively.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 table