56,885 research outputs found
A Theory Explains Deep Learning
This is our journal for developing Deduction Theory and studying Deep Learning and Artificial intelligence. Deduction Theory is a Theory of Deducing World’s Relativity by Information Coupling and Asymmetry. We focus on information processing, see intelligence as an information structure that relatively close object-oriented, probability-oriented, unsupervised learning, relativity information processing and massive automated information processing. We see deep learning and machine learning as an attempt to make all types of information processing relatively close to probability information processing. We will discuss about how to understand Deep Learning and Artificial intelligence and why Deep Learning is shown better performance than the other methods by metaphysical logic
Probability of Inflation in Loop Quantum Cosmology
Inflationary models of the early universe provide a natural mechanism for the
formation of large scale structure. This success brings to forefront the
question of naturalness: Does a sufficiently long slow roll inflation occur
generically or does it require a careful fine tuning of initial parameters? In
recent years there has been considerable controversy on this issue. In
particular, for a quadratic potential, Kofman, Linde and Mukhanov have argued
that the probability of inflation with at least 65 e-foldings is close to one,
while Gibbons and Turok have argued that this probability is suppressed by a
factor of ~ \10^{-85}. We first clarify that such dramatically different
predictions can arise because the required measure on the space of solutions is
intrinsically ambiguous in general relativity. We then show that this ambiguity
can be naturally resolved in loop quantum cosmology (LQC) because the big bang
is replaced by a big bounce and the bounce surface can be used to introduce the
structure necessary to specify a satisfactory measure.
The second goal of the paper is to present a detailed analysis of the
inflationary dynamics of LQC using analytical and numerical methods. By
combining this information with the measure on the space of solutions, we
address a sharper question than those investigated in the literature: What is
the probability of a sufficiently long slow roll inflation WHICH IS COMPATIBLE
WITH THE SEVEN YEAR WMAP DATA? We show that the probability is very close to 1.
The material is so organized that cosmologists who may be more interested in
the inflationary dynamics in LQC than in the subtleties associated with
measures can skip that material without loss of continuity.Comment: 34 pages, 3 figure
Information-Based Physics: An Observer-Centric Foundation
It is generally believed that physical laws, reflecting an inherent order in
the universe, are ordained by nature. However, in modern physics the observer
plays a central role raising questions about how an observer-centric physics
can result in laws apparently worthy of a universal nature-centric physics.
Over the last decade, we have found that the consistent apt quantification of
algebraic and order-theoretic structures results in calculi that possess
constraint equations taking the form of what are often considered to be
physical laws. I review recent derivations of the formal relations among
relevant variables central to special relativity, probability theory and
quantum mechanics in this context by considering a problem where two observers
form consistent descriptions of and make optimal inferences about a free
particle that simply influences them. I show that this approach to describing
such a particle based only on available information leads to the mathematics of
relativistic quantum mechanics as well as a description of a free particle that
reproduces many of the basic properties of a fermion. The result is an approach
to foundational physics where laws derive from both consistent descriptions and
optimal information-based inferences made by embedded observers.Comment: To be published in Contemporary Physics. The manuscript consists of
43 pages and 9 Figure
Prospect relativity: How choice options influence decision under risk
In many theories of decision under risk (e.g., expected utility theory, rank-dependent utility theory, and prospect theory), the utility of a prospect is independent of other options in the choice set. The experiments presented here show a large effect of the available options, suggesting instead that prospects are valued relative to one another. The judged certainty equivalent for a prospect is strongly influenced by the options available. Similarly, the selection of a preferred prospect is strongly influenced by the prospects available, Alternative theories of decision under risk (e.g., the stochastic difference model, multialternative decision field theory, and range frequency theory), where prospects are valued relative to one another, can provide an account of these context effects
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