Judicial Committee of the Privy Council: The Persistence of a British Colonial Institution

Following the British decolonization process, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) continued as the final appellate court for many new states. Originally designed as a colonial court, the JCPC, therefore, continues to influence independent states. This testifies to the persistence of British colonial influence in the jurisprudence of former colonies. This research on the JCPC provides evidence colonial influences persist beyond the ceremonial and examines the Gambia and New Zealand as cases illustrating different paths to shedding this colonial institutional

Report on financial stability.

At the Informal Ecofin of 11 September 1999 in Turku, ministers and governors agreed to ask the Economic and Financial Committee to check whether the existing regulatory and supervisory structures in the EU can safeguard financial stability, particularly in the context of a rapidly changing financial environment. For this purpose, an ad hoc working group, chaired by the Dutch Deputy Governor Henk Brouwer prepared this report on financial stability under the aegis of the EFC. The organisation of the report is as follows. Section II contains the main conclusions (assessment). The rest of the paper examines the impact of the major financial trends on the stability of the financial system in Europe (section III), as well as the arrangements in the EU aimed at safeguarding financial stability. These arrangements can be divided into two main groups: the first one covers regulations (section IV) and supervisory structures (section V), which are primarily directed at preventing financial instability. The second group of arrangements consists of various types of crisis management, such as liquidity support to individual institutions or to the market as a whole (section VI).efc, economic and financial committee, financial, stability

School of Nursing Graduate Program Student Handbook

Our mission is to educate future advanced practice nurses who provide high-quality, evidence-based, holistic care to individuals, families, communities, and society at large. We value excellence, self-reflection, accountability, and respect for diversity and life-long learning. At UMaine, our faculty, staff, alumni, and students are part of a community aimed at improving the health outcomes of populations across the globe. Faculty at UMaine care about students and are committed to scientific teaching strategies that engage learners in hands-on didactic, laboratory, and clinical experiences

A comparative analysis on regulatory independence

Although regulatory agencies have been established in many middle-income countries under the influence of similar external actors as well as the market pressures since the 1990s, the levels of regulatory independence of these agencies vary considerably across countries and across time within the same countries. This research explores the variation in the degree of independence of regulatory agencies across countries and time by measuring regulatory independence in telecommunication sector of 36 middle income countries. It looks into economic, political and market-based indicators as explanatory factors of the variation in the degree of independence. Cross-national results indicate that the freedom in political rights, democracy level and investment freedom have a positive impact on the agency independence whereas state ownership in the sector and presidential form of government correlates with independence negatively. Contrary to studies on advanced economies, it does not find any statistically significant impact of income level, rule of law and number of veto players on regulatory independence. Cross-temporal analysis, looking at four countries’ formal independence mechanisms from 2006 to 2016, demonstrates that formal independence cannot be preserved as once and for all. Following political and economic uncertainties, governments who were willing to delegate authority to independent regulators may undermine not only de facto, but also formal independence of agencies over time through means of budget control, dispossession of competences and autonomy loss in decision making

Databases, E-Discovery and Criminal Law

The enduring value of the Constitution is the fundamental approach to human rights transcending time and technology. The modern complexity and variety of electronically stored information was unknown in the eighteenth century, but the elemental due process concepts forged then can be applied now. At some point, the accumulation of information surpassed the boundaries of living witnesses and paper records. The advent of computers and databases ushered in an entirely new order, giving rise to massive libraries of factual details and powerful investigative tools. But electronically collected information sources are a double-edged sword. Their accuracy and reliability are critical issues in the hands of prosecutors and their accessibility a hard-won necessity in preparing a defense