Fourier spectra of measures associated with algorithmically random Brownian motion

In this paper we study the behaviour at infinity of the Fourier transform of Radon measures supported by the images of fractal sets under an algorithmically random Brownian motion. We show that, under some computability conditions on these sets, the Fourier transform of the associated measures have, relative to the Hausdorff dimensions of these sets, optimal asymptotic decay at infinity. The argument relies heavily on a direct characterisation, due to Asarin and Pokrovskii, of algorithmically random Brownian motion in terms of the prefix free Kolmogorov complexity of finite binary sequences. The study also necessitates a closer look at the potential theory over fractals from a computable point of view.Comment: 24 page

Noise Covariance Properties in Dual-Tree Wavelet Decompositions

Dual-tree wavelet decompositions have recently gained much popularity, mainly due to their ability to provide an accurate directional analysis of images combined with a reduced redundancy. When the decomposition of a random process is performed -- which occurs in particular when an additive noise is corrupting the signal to be analyzed -- it is useful to characterize the statistical properties of the dual-tree wavelet coefficients of this process. As dual-tree decompositions constitute overcomplete frame expansions, correlation structures are introduced among the coefficients, even when a white noise is analyzed. In this paper, we show that it is possible to provide an accurate description of the covariance properties of the dual-tree coefficients of a wide-sense stationary process. The expressions of the (cross-)covariance sequences of the coefficients are derived in the one and two-dimensional cases. Asymptotic results are also provided, allowing to predict the behaviour of the second-order moments for large lag values or at coarse resolution. In addition, the cross-correlations between the primal and dual wavelets, which play a primary role in our theoretical analysis, are calculated for a number of classical wavelet families. Simulation results are finally provided to validate these results

Theory of structure and thermodynamic function of liquid ⁴He (Review Article)

A new method of calculation of the density matrix of a many-boson system is proposed. The calculation of thermodynamic and structure functions at finite temperatures based on density matrix of Bose liquid is made. The structure factor of liquid ⁴He at T = 0 K is used as an input information for numerical calculation instead of the interatomic potential. We found a good agreement of the calculated quantities with experimental data

Hilbert's Tenth Problem in Coq (Extended Version)

We formalise the undecidability of solvability of Diophantine equations, i.e. polynomial equations over natural numbers, in Coq's constructive type theory. To do so, we give the first full mechanisation of the Davis-Putnam-Robinson-Matiyasevich theorem, stating that every recursively enumerable problem -- in our case by a Minsky machine -- is Diophantine. We obtain an elegant and comprehensible proof by using a synthetic approach to computability and by introducing Conway's FRACTRAN language as intermediate layer. Additionally, we prove the reverse direction and show that every Diophantine relation is recognisable by $\mu$-recursive functions and give a certified compiler from $\mu$-recursive functions to Minsky machines.Comment: submitted to LMC

Nonlinear spectral calculus and super-expanders

Nonlinear spectral gaps with respect to uniformly convex normed spaces are shown to satisfy a spectral calculus inequality that establishes their decay along Cesaro averages. Nonlinear spectral gaps of graphs are also shown to behave sub-multiplicatively under zigzag products. These results yield a combinatorial construction of super-expanders, i.e., a sequence of 3-regular graphs that does not admit a coarse embedding into any uniformly convex normed space.Comment: Typos fixed based on referee comments. Some of the results of this paper were announced in arXiv:0910.2041. The corresponding parts of arXiv:0910.2041 are subsumed by the current pape

Comparison of metric spectral gaps

Let $A=(a_{ij})\in M_n(\R)$ be an $n$ by $n$ symmetric stochastic matrix. For $p\in [1,\infty)$ and a metric space $(X,d_X)$, let $\gamma(A,d_X^p)$ be the infimum over those $\gamma\in (0,\infty]$ for which every $x_1,...,x_n\in X$ satisfy $$\frac{1}{n^2} \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n d_X(x_i,x_j)^p\le \frac{\gamma}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij} d_X(x_i,x_j)^p.$$ Thus $\gamma(A,d_X^p)$ measures the magnitude of the {\em nonlinear spectral gap} of the matrix $A$ with respect to the kernel $d_X^p:X\times X\to [0,\infty)$. We study pairs of metric spaces $(X,d_X)$ and $(Y,d_Y)$ for which there exists $\Psi:(0,\infty)\to (0,\infty)$ such that $\gamma(A,d_X^p)\le \Psi(\gamma(A,d_Y^p))$ for every symmetric stochastic $A\in M_n(\R)$ with $\gamma(A,d_Y^p)<\infty$. When $\Psi$ is linear a complete geometric characterization is obtained. Our estimates on nonlinear spectral gaps yield new embeddability results as well as new nonembeddability results. For example, it is shown that if $n\in \N$ and $p\in (2,\infty)$ then for every $f_1,...,f_n\in L_p$ there exist $x_1,...,x_n\in L_2$ such that {equation}\label{eq:p factor} \forall\, i,j\in \{1,...,n\},\quad \|x_i-x_j\|_2\lesssim p\|f_i-f_j\|_p, {equation} and $$\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n \|x_i-x_j\|_2^2=\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n \|f_i-f_j\|_p^2.$$ This statement is impossible for $p\in [1,2)$, and the asymptotic dependence on $p$ in \eqref{eq:p factor} is sharp. We also obtain the best known lower bound on the $L_p$ distortion of Ramanujan graphs, improving over the work of Matou\v{s}ek. Links to Bourgain--Milman--Wolfson type and a conjectural nonlinear Maurey--Pisier theorem are studied.Comment: Clarifying remarks added, definition of p(n,d) modified, typos fixed, references adde

Local strong Birkhoff conjecture and local spectral rigidity of almost every ellipse

The Birkhoff conjecture says that the boundary of a strictly convex integrable billiard table is necessarily an ellipse. In this article, we consider a stronger notion of integrability, namely, integrability close to the boundary, and prove a local version of this conjecture: a small perturbation of almost every ellipse that preserves integrability near the boundary, is itself an ellipse. We apply this result to study local spectral rigidity of ellipses using the connection between the wave trace of the Laplacian and the dynamics near the boundary and establish rigidity for almost all of them.Comment: 69 pages, 5 figure