Analysing musical performance through functional data analysis: rhythmic structure in Schumann's Träumerei

Functional data analysis (FDA) is a relatively new branch of statistics devoted to describing and modelling data that are complete functions. Many relevant aspects of musical performance and perception can be understood and quantified as dynamic processes evolving as functions of time. In this paper, we show that FDA is a statistical methodology well suited for research into the field of quantitative musical performance analysis. To demonstrate this suitability, we consider tempo data for 28 performances of Schumann's Träumerei and analyse them by means of functional principal component analysis (one of the most powerful descriptive tools included in FDA). Specifically, we investigate the commonalities and differences between different performances regarding (expressive) timing, and we cluster similar performances together. We conclude that musical data considered as functional data reveal performance structures that might otherwise go unnoticed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

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Social Capital from an Individual Perspective. An investigation into the influence of urbanization and the tenure of private resources on the social resources of individuals.

Our paper consists out of a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part we first elaborate on the discussion about the meaning of social capital and defend our own choice to join in with the individual school of thought. Further, we go into the lack of standardization of measurement instruments. We also demonstrate that in the literature on individual social capital, there is a considerable lack of knowledge on the possible association between the possession of human, cultural and financial capital of an individual on the one hand, and social capital on the other. Moreover, empirical investigations into the differences in social capital between rural and urban regions (or the influence of urbanization on social capital) are rare. Nevertheless, these are very interesting questions, both from a theoretical as from a policy perspective. In the empirical part of the paper, we first go into the psychometric properties of our adapted version of the Resource Generator. We also examine the association between individual social capital and indicators of human, cultural and financial capital (income and education). We will measure social capital using an improved version of the Resource Generator (van der Gaag & Snijders 2005) and will also report on the psychometric properties of this measurement instrument. In this paper we present the preliminary results of the research project Social Capital from an individual perspective. An investigation into the influence of urbanization and the tenure of private resources on the social resources of individuals. The project is sponsored by the Special research Foundation of Ghent University. Data for the research are collected in two stages. The first stage of collection is only halfway, and the analyses are carried out on the data momentarily available. Therefore, every result must be interpreted with caution. We would like to ask readers that want to quote from the article to contact the author