34,056 research outputs found
Online Planner Selection with Graph Neural Networks and Adaptive Scheduling
Automated planning is one of the foundational areas of AI. Since no single
planner can work well for all tasks and domains, portfolio-based techniques
have become increasingly popular in recent years. In particular, deep learning
emerges as a promising methodology for online planner selection. Owing to the
recent development of structural graph representations of planning tasks, we
propose a graph neural network (GNN) approach to selecting candidate planners.
GNNs are advantageous over a straightforward alternative, the convolutional
neural networks, in that they are invariant to node permutations and that they
incorporate node labels for better inference.
Additionally, for cost-optimal planning, we propose a two-stage adaptive
scheduling method to further improve the likelihood that a given task is solved
in time. The scheduler may switch at halftime to a different planner,
conditioned on the observed performance of the first one. Experimental results
validate the effectiveness of the proposed method against strong baselines,
both deep learning and non-deep learning based.
The code is available at \url{https://github.com/matenure/GNN_planner}.Comment: AAAI 2020. Code is released at
https://github.com/matenure/GNN_planner. Data set is released at
https://github.com/IBM/IPC-graph-dat
IPC: A Benchmark Data Set for Learning with Graph-Structured Data
Benchmark data sets are an indispensable ingredient of the evaluation of
graph-based machine learning methods. We release a new data set, compiled from
International Planning Competitions (IPC), for benchmarking graph
classification, regression, and related tasks. Apart from the graph
construction (based on AI planning problems) that is interesting in its own
right, the data set possesses distinctly different characteristics from
popularly used benchmarks. The data set, named IPC, consists of two
self-contained versions, grounded and lifted, both including graphs of large
and skewedly distributed sizes, posing substantial challenges for the
computation of graph models such as graph kernels and graph neural networks.
The graphs in this data set are directed and the lifted version is acyclic,
offering the opportunity of benchmarking specialized models for directed
(acyclic) structures. Moreover, the graph generator and the labeling are
computer programmed; thus, the data set may be extended easily if a larger
scale is desired. The data set is accessible from
\url{https://github.com/IBM/IPC-graph-data}.Comment: ICML 2019 Workshop on Learning and Reasoning with Graph-Structured
Data. The data set is accessible from https://github.com/IBM/IPC-graph-dat
Learning Generalized Reactive Policies using Deep Neural Networks
We present a new approach to learning for planning, where knowledge acquired
while solving a given set of planning problems is used to plan faster in
related, but new problem instances. We show that a deep neural network can be
used to learn and represent a \emph{generalized reactive policy} (GRP) that
maps a problem instance and a state to an action, and that the learned GRPs
efficiently solve large classes of challenging problem instances. In contrast
to prior efforts in this direction, our approach significantly reduces the
dependence of learning on handcrafted domain knowledge or feature selection.
Instead, the GRP is trained from scratch using a set of successful execution
traces. We show that our approach can also be used to automatically learn a
heuristic function that can be used in directed search algorithms. We evaluate
our approach using an extensive suite of experiments on two challenging
planning problem domains and show that our approach facilitates learning
complex decision making policies and powerful heuristic functions with minimal
human input. Videos of our results are available at goo.gl/Hpy4e3
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